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Chapter 15 Vocabulary

Terms

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Zheng He
(1371-1435) An imperial eunuch and Muslim, entrusted by the Ming emperor Yongle with a series of state voyages that took his gigantic ships through the Indian Ocean from Southeast Asia to Africa. He showed the wealth of the Ming dynasty.
Christopher Columbus
(1451-1506) Genoese mariner who in the service of Spain led expeditions across the Atlantic, establishing a contact between the peoples of the Americas and the Old World and opening the way to Spanish conquest and colonization. He sailed since he was young.
Atahualpa
(1502-1533) Last ruling INca emperor of Peru. He was executed by the Spanish. The Spanish were at a disadvantage, but they had superior technology and germs. The natives also just finished a civil war.
Caravel
A small, highly maneuverable three-masted ship used by the Portuguese and Spanish in the exploration of the Atlantic. These became used more than dhows and were more advanced than Chinese junks. They were militarily superior to other ships.
Vasco De Gama
Portuguese sailer that sailed around Africa and reached India.
Gold Coast
Region of the Atlantic coast of West Africa occupied by modern Ghana; named for its gold exports to Europe from the 1470s onward. They tried to find more areas with gold after finding the gold coast.
Hernan Cortes
(1485-1547) He battled the Maya.
Ferdinand Magellan
Noted as the first person to sail around the globe, though he died during it and his crew finished the voyage.
Arawak
Amerindian peoples who inabited the Greater Antilles of the Caribbean at the time of Columbus. The were forced to do labor for the Spaniards eventually.
Bartolomeu Dias
First Portuguese explorer to explore around the southern tip of Africa and enter the Indian Ocean.
Moctezuma II
(1466-1520) Last Aztec emperor, overthrow by the Spanish conquistador Hernan Cortes. He tried to be diplomatic but basically became trapped in his own palace. He was executed even though they gave the Spanish his ransom money.
Henry the Navigator
(1394-1460) Portuguese prince who promoted the study of navigation and directed voyages of exploration down the western coast of Africa.
Francisco Pizarro
(1478-1541) The leader of the forces that defeated Atahualpa.
Conquistadors
Early-sixteenth-century Spanish adventurers who conquered Mexico, Central America, and Peru. They were similar to the crusaders.

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