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History Exam Prep

Terms

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Columbian Exchange
exchange of crops, goods, diseases, and ideas between Americas and Europe
Established Church
chosen religion of a state
Legislative Branch
branch of government which makes the laws - led by Congress
Constitutional Convention
group that got together to write the new constitution
Persecution
mistreatment of people because of their beliefs
Benedict Arnold
traitor who turned against the colonists
Public School
schools for all who reside in a given area
Northwest Ordinance
set up rules for governing the Northwest Territory
Siege
cutting off all supplies from coming or going from a city or area
Precedent
act or example which sets an example for others
Proprietary Colony
a colony given by the king in return for yearly payment
Constitution
written plan of government
Common Sense
pamphlet written by Thomas Paine - influenced people's thoughts on independenct
Patriot
person who supported the colonies in the American Revolution
Charter
legal document giving certain rights to a person or company
Traitor
one who fights against their own country
Missionary
someone who tries to spread religion to another group of people
Minutemen
militia ready to fight at a moments notice
Ally
a nation that works with another for a common purpose
Parliament
law making body in England
New Jersey Plan
plan of government which favored the smaller states
Townshend Acts
taxed glass, paper, lead and tea
First Continental Congress
group that assembled to deal with the growing conflict with England
Racism
belief that one race is superior to another
Stamp Act
put tax on legal documents, playing cards, dice
Cash Crop
a crop raised to sell for profit
King George III
king of England during the Revolutionary War
Conquistadors
Spanish who defeated Indian groups in South America
Petition
formal written request signed by a group of people
Libel
saying or printing something negative or damaging to another
Jamestown
first permanent colony in America - took lots of work and supplies to make a success
Thomas Jefferson
author of the Declaration of Independence
Boston Massacre
run in between angry mob and colonial citizens ended in dead colonists
Francis Marion
the swamp fox - good military leader
Olive Branch Petition
final attempt at peace between England and the colonies
Articles of Confederation
first attempt at establishing a new government in America
Alliance
agreement between nations to protect one another
Treaty of Paris 1783
formally ended the Revolutionary War - you better know the terms of it
Depression
a time of economic difficulty and low wages
Religious Tolerance
allowing all religions to practice freely
Boston Tea Party
patriots dressed as Indians dumped British tea in Boston Harbor
Gentry
upper class in colonial society
Magna Carta
document which limited the power of the King of England
Intolerable Acts
set of harsh laws put in place after the Boston Tea Party
Committee of Correspondence
group that wrote material about the events in Massachusettes
Valley Forge
place where Washington's troops survived a harsh winter and got training they needed
Sabbath
holy day of rest
Christopher Columbus
began legacy of trade and influence between Americas and Europe
Battle of Yorktown
brought about the end of the Revolutionary War
Blockade
closing off a port from goods coming or going
Guerilla
hit and run military tactics
Mercenary
person paid to fight in a conflict
James Madison
father of the constitution
Boycott
a movement to stop buying goods from a country or company
Treaty of Paris 1763
ended the French and Indian War- France backed off
Navigation Acts
series of laws which put restrictions on trade with the colonies
Slave Codes
laws which were designed to keep slaves down
Ratify
to approve
Great Compromise
a compromise between New Jersey and Virginia Plans
Ferdinand Megellan
began first trip to circumnavigate the globe
Mayflower Compact
an agreement for the ruling of the Plymouth Colony
Battle of Saratoga
turning point for the colonies in the Revolution
John Smith
leader of the settlement of Jamestown
Loyalist
person who sided with the British in the Revolution
Mercantilism
theory that a nation's strength came from keeping strict control over trade
Execute
to carry out
Representative Government
government where people choose leaders to represent them in government
Roanoke
first attempt at a colony in America - known as the lost colony - mysterious
Triangular Trade
trade between Europe, America, and West Indies
French and Indian War
war between England and France over land in the colonies
Bill of Rights
rights guaranteed to the people
Mason-Dixon Line
imaginary line that separates the North and South
Royal Colony
a colony under direct control of the king
Proclamation of 1763
insured the colonies would not expand over the Appalachian Mountains
Writ of Assistance
allowed British to inspect colonial cargo without reason
Great Awakening
religious movement in which in the English colonies - encouraged independent thought
Mission
a religious settlement
Declaration of Independence
formal declaration from the colonies that they are free from Britain
Three-Fifths Compromise
deal reached on how slaves would be counted towards total population
Pilgrims
English settlers who sought religious freedom in the Americas
Debtors
one who owes money
Northwest Passage
supposed shortcut to Asia through North America
Indentured Servant
person who gives up their freedom in return for passage to America
Tea Act
placed a tax on tea and cut colonial merchants out of the tea trade
Protestant Reformation
movement to reform the Catholic Church
Executive Branch
branch of government which carries out the laws - let by president
Virginia Plan
plan of government which favored the larger states over the smaller
Currency
printed money
Puritans
group of English Protestants who settled the Massachusettes Bay Colony
Militia
an army of citizens ready to fight in an emergency
Enlightenment
movement in Europe which encouraged the use of reason
George Washington
leader of the Continental Army and president of the Constitutional Convention
Colony
a settlement in a foreign land controlled by a home country
Judicial Branch
branch of government which interprets the laws - led by the Supreme Court
Battles of Lexington and Concord
first small battles of the revolution
Quakers
religious group who settled Pennsylvania - very tolerant and nonviolent

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