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Western Studies Chapter 12

Terms

undefined, object
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quipu
knotted strings of different colors used by traders and Incan government officials to record information; knots stood for numbers
population explosion
created in Latin America as people move to the city as farming is too difficult
Simon Bolivar
first Latin American revolutionary leader
tribute
another word for taxes which could be food, cotton, gold or slaves
runners
used by the Incas as messengers to spread news at a rate of 250 miles a day
Mexico City
present day city formed by the Aztecs with floating gardens
economy
ways that goods and services are produced and made available to people
caudillo
a military officer who rules strictly
Agustin de Iturbide
officer in the Spanish army that declared Mexico independent
invest
to spend money to earn more money
Moctezuma
Aztec ruler who thought Cortes might be a god
Quechua
Incan language
New Spain
Mexico City is capital
Night of Fire
the first great fight for freedom in Latin America
rural
having to do with the countryside
Samuel Zemurray
Came from Russia to the United States and became a leading banana grower
Mayan descent
live mostly today in Central America and Mexico
hacienda
plantation owned by the Spanish settlers or the Catholic Church where Native Americans were forced to work
Malinche
daughter of an Aztec leader that was given to the Mayans as a slave and Cortes main translator
urban
having to do with cities
Inti
Sun god of the Incas who believed he was the parent and they were children of the sun
encomienda
the right to demand taxes or labor from Native Americans; this right was granted to American settlers by the Spanish government
revolution
a political movement in which the people overthrow the government and set up another
Central America
home of ancient Mayan civilization
Honduras
present day country settled by the Mayas
Aztec doctors
made more than 1000 medicines from plants
Dom Pedro
Ruled the colony of Brazil and declared it independent
Topa Inca
he expanded the Incan empire until it was about 2500 miles long and was the son of Pachacuti
campesinos
a poor Latin American farmer
Viracocha
God of the Incas who was thought to be creator of all the people of the Andes
Pizarro
Spanish conquistador that captured most of the Incan empire
hieroglyphics
a system of writing using signs and symbols, used by the Maya and other cultures
Cortes
Spanish solider that conquered the Aztecs
Pachacuti
Ruler of the Incas and means he who shakes the earth
Cuzco
an Incan city in the Andes
Tenochtitlan
an ancient Aztec city known today as Mexico City which was built on an island
aqueduct
a pipe or channel used to carry water from a distant source to dry areas
maize
both the plant and the kernal of corn
mestizo
a person of mixed Spanish and Native American ancestry living in the outskirts of Lima
pok-ta-tok
game played by the Mayas
Jose de San Martin
fought for freedom from the Spanish in Argentina, Chile and Peru
Incan descent
live mostly today in Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia, Chile and Columbia
Saint-Domingue
French Carribean colony now known as Haiti
Miguel Hidalgo
he was a criollo priest and his revolution was known as the Cry of Dolores as he tried to free Mexico from the Spanish but he failed
Line of Demarcation
an imaginery line from the North Pole to the South Pole set forth in the 1494 Treaty of the Tordesillas; Spain had the right to settle and trade West of the line and Portugal had the right to settle and trade east of the line
land
one of Latin America's most important resources
conquistador
16th century conquerors working for the Spanish government who were in charge of gaining land and wealth in the Americas
Lima
capital of Peru
criollo
a person born of Spanish parents born outside Spain; often among the best educated and wealthiest people in the Spanish colonies
Christopher Columbus
he knew the world was round and he reached the Americas in 1492
Guatemala
present day country settled by the Mayas
astronomers
both Mayas and Aztec predicted eclipses and movements of the planets

Deck Info

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