Unit 4 APHG Terms
Terms
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- Theocracy
- A state whose government is either believed to be divinely guided or a state under the control of religious leaders.
- Federal state
- An internal organization of a state that allocates most powers to units of local government.
- State
- A politically organized territory that is administered by a sovereign government and is recognized by the international community.
- Balance of power
- Condition of roughly equal strength between opposing countries or alliances of countries.
- Prorupted state
- A state that exhibits a narrow, elongated land extension, leading away from the main territory.
- Federalism
- a system of government in which power is distributed among certain geographical territories rather than concentrated within a central government.
- Compact state
- A state in which the distance from the center to any boundary does not vary significantly.
- Compact state
- A state that posses a roughly circular shape from which the geometric center is relatively equal in all directions.
- Microstate
- A state or territory that is small in both size and population.
- Confederation
- A form of an international organization that brings several autonomous states together for a common purpose.
- NAFTA (north American free trade agreement)
- Agreement signed on JAN. 1 1994, that allows the opening of borders between the United States Mexico and Canada.
- Territorial dispute
- Any dispute over land ownership
- Perforated state
- A state whose territory completely surrounds that of another state.
- Microstate
- A state that encompasses a very small land area. Migration Form of relocation diffusion involving permanent move to a new location.
- Organic Theory
- The view that states resemble biological organisms with life cycles that include all stages of life.
- Fragmented State
- A state that is not contiguous whole but rather separated parts.
- Exclave
- A bounded territory that is part of a particular state but is separated from it by the territory of a different state.
- Lebensraum
- Hitler's expansionist theory based on a drive to acquire living space for German people.
- North/South divide
- The economic division between the wealthy countries of Europe and North America, Australia and Japan and generally poorer countries of Asia Africa and Latin America.
- Landlocked state
- A state that is completely surrounded by the land of other states, which is bad for accessibility and trade.
- Law of the sea
- Law establishing states rights and responsibilities concerning the ownership and use of the earth's seas and oceans and their resources.
- Colonialism
- Attempt by one country to establish settlements and to impose its political, economic, and cultural principles in another territory.
- Reapportionment
- The relocation of electoral seats to defined territories.
- states' rights
- Rights and powers believed to be the authority of the state rather than the federal government.
- Heartland theory
- Hypothesis proposed by Halford MacKinder that held that any political power based in the heart of Eurasia could gain enough strength to eventually dominate the world.
- OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries)
- An internal economic organization whose member countries produce and export oil.
- Commonwealth of independent states
- Confederacy of independent states of independent states of the former soviet Union that have united because of their common economic and administrative needs.
- Fragmented state
- A state that includes several discontinuous pieces of territory.
- Gerrymandering
- Process of redrawing legislative boundaries for the purpose of benefiting the party in power.
- Boundary
- Invisible line that marks the extent of a state's territory.
- Landlocked state
- A state that does not have a direct outlet to the sea.
- Supranational organization
- organization of 3 or more states to promote shared activities.
- Colony
- A territory that is legally tied to a sovereign state rather than completely independent.
- Frontier
- zone separating two states in which neither state exercises political control.
- East/West Divide
- Geographic separation between the largely democratic and free-market countries of Western Europe and the Americas from the communists and socialists countries of Eastern Europe and Asia
- Nationalism
- A sense of national pride to such extent as to exalt one nation above all others.
- Prorupted state
- An otherwise compact state with a large projecting extension.
- Physical boundary
- Political Boundaries that correspond with physical features such as mountains or rivers.
- Elongated state
- A state with a long, narrow shape.
- Electoral Vote
- The decision of a particular state elector that represents the dominant views on that elector's state.
- Popular vote
- The tally of each individuals vote within a specific geographic area.
- NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)
- An international organization that has joined together for military purposes.
- Superimposed boundaries
- Boundary line drawn in an area ignoring the existing cultural pattern.
- Nation
- Tightly knit group of people sharing the same language ethnicity religion and other cultural attributes.
- Frontier
- An area where borders are shifting and weak and where peoples of different cultures or nationalities meet and lay claim to the land.
- Centrifugal forces
- forces that tend to divide a country.
- Rimland theory
- Nicholas Spykman's theory that the domination of the coastal fringes of Eurasia would provided the base for world conquest.
- State
- An area organized into a political unit and ruled by an established government wiith control over its internal and foreign affairs.
- Self-determination
- The right of a nation to govern itself autonomously.
- International Organization
- An alliance of two or more countries seeking cooperation with each other without giving up either's autonomy or self determination.
- Political geography
- The spatial analysis of political phenomena and processes.
- Territorial organization
- Political organization that distributes political power in more easily governed units of land.
- Unitary state
- An internal organization of a state that places most power in the hands of central government officials.
- United Nations
- A global supranational organization established at the end of WWII to foster international security and cooperation.
- Perforated state
- A state that completely surrounds another one.
- European Union
- International organization comprised of Western European countries to promote free trade among members.
- Geometric Boundary
- Political boundaries that are defined and delimited by straight lines.
- Centripetal forces
- Forces that bond a country together.
- Gerrymandering
- The designation of voting districts so as to favor a political party or candidate.
- Domino Theory
- The idea that political destabilization in one country can lead to collapse of political stability in neighboring countries, setting off a chain reaction of collapse.
- Rectangular State
- A state whose territory is rectangular in shape.
- Electoral College
- a certain number of electors from each state proportional to and seemingly representative of that state's population. Each elector chooses a candidate believing they are representing their constituency's choice. The candidate who receives a higher proportion of electoral votes within a state receives all the electoral votes for that state.
- Geopolitics
- The study of interplay between political relations and the territorial context in which they occur.
- Subsequent boundaries
- Boundary line established after an area has been populated that considered the social and cultural characteristics of the area.
- Sovereignty
- Ability of a state to govern its territory free from control of its internal affairs by other states.
- Redistricting
- The drawing of a new electoral district boundary lines in response to population changes.
- Nation-state
- A country whose population possesses a substantial degree of cultural homogeneity and unity.
- Elongated State
- A state whose territory is long and narrow in shape.
- Imperialism
- The perpetuation of a colonial empire even after it is no longer politically sovereign.
- Imperialism
- Control of territory already occupied and organized by an indigenous society.