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Unit 4 APHG Terms

Terms

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Theocracy
A state whose government is either believed to be divinely guided or a state under the control of religious leaders.
Federal state
An internal organization of a state that allocates most powers to units of local government.
State
A politically organized territory that is administered by a sovereign government and is recognized by the international community.
Balance of power
Condition of roughly equal strength between opposing countries or alliances of countries.
Prorupted state
A state that exhibits a narrow, elongated land extension, leading away from the main territory.
Federalism
a system of government in which power is distributed among certain geographical territories rather than concentrated within a central government.
Compact state
A state in which the distance from the center to any boundary does not vary significantly.
Compact state
A state that posses a roughly circular shape from which the geometric center is relatively equal in all directions.
Microstate
A state or territory that is small in both size and population.
Confederation
A form of an international organization that brings several autonomous states together for a common purpose.
NAFTA (north American free trade agreement)
Agreement signed on JAN. 1 1994, that allows the opening of borders between the United States Mexico and Canada.
Territorial dispute
Any dispute over land ownership
Perforated state
A state whose territory completely surrounds that of another state.
Microstate
A state that encompasses a very small land area. Migration Form of relocation diffusion involving permanent move to a new location.
Organic Theory
The view that states resemble biological organisms with life cycles that include all stages of life.
Fragmented State
A state that is not contiguous whole but rather separated parts.
Exclave
A bounded territory that is part of a particular state but is separated from it by the territory of a different state.
Lebensraum
Hitler's expansionist theory based on a drive to acquire living space for German people.
North/South divide
The economic division between the wealthy countries of Europe and North America, Australia and Japan and generally poorer countries of Asia Africa and Latin America.
Landlocked state
A state that is completely surrounded by the land of other states, which is bad for accessibility and trade.
Law of the sea
Law establishing states rights and responsibilities concerning the ownership and use of the earth's seas and oceans and their resources.
Colonialism
Attempt by one country to establish settlements and to impose its political, economic, and cultural principles in another territory.
Reapportionment
The relocation of electoral seats to defined territories.
states' rights
Rights and powers believed to be the authority of the state rather than the federal government.
Heartland theory
Hypothesis proposed by Halford MacKinder that held that any political power based in the heart of Eurasia could gain enough strength to eventually dominate the world.
OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries)
An internal economic organization whose member countries produce and export oil.
Commonwealth of independent states
Confederacy of independent states of independent states of the former soviet Union that have united because of their common economic and administrative needs.
Fragmented state
A state that includes several discontinuous pieces of territory.
Gerrymandering
Process of redrawing legislative boundaries for the purpose of benefiting the party in power.
Boundary
Invisible line that marks the extent of a state's territory.
Landlocked state
A state that does not have a direct outlet to the sea.
Supranational organization
organization of 3 or more states to promote shared activities.
Colony
A territory that is legally tied to a sovereign state rather than completely independent.
Frontier
zone separating two states in which neither state exercises political control.
East/West Divide
Geographic separation between the largely democratic and free-market countries of Western Europe and the Americas from the communists and socialists countries of Eastern Europe and Asia
Nationalism
A sense of national pride to such extent as to exalt one nation above all others.
Prorupted state
An otherwise compact state with a large projecting extension.
Physical boundary
Political Boundaries that correspond with physical features such as mountains or rivers.
Elongated state
A state with a long, narrow shape.
Electoral Vote
The decision of a particular state elector that represents the dominant views on that elector's state.
Popular vote
The tally of each individuals vote within a specific geographic area.
NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)
An international organization that has joined together for military purposes.
Superimposed boundaries
Boundary line drawn in an area ignoring the existing cultural pattern.
Nation
Tightly knit group of people sharing the same language ethnicity religion and other cultural attributes.
Frontier
An area where borders are shifting and weak and where peoples of different cultures or nationalities meet and lay claim to the land.
Centrifugal forces
forces that tend to divide a country.
Rimland theory
Nicholas Spykman's theory that the domination of the coastal fringes of Eurasia would provided the base for world conquest.
State
An area organized into a political unit and ruled by an established government wiith control over its internal and foreign affairs.
Self-determination
The right of a nation to govern itself autonomously.
International Organization
An alliance of two or more countries seeking cooperation with each other without giving up either's autonomy or self determination.
Political geography
The spatial analysis of political phenomena and processes.
Territorial organization
Political organization that distributes political power in more easily governed units of land.
Unitary state
An internal organization of a state that places most power in the hands of central government officials.
United Nations
A global supranational organization established at the end of WWII to foster international security and cooperation.
Perforated state
A state that completely surrounds another one.
European Union
International organization comprised of Western European countries to promote free trade among members.
Geometric Boundary
Political boundaries that are defined and delimited by straight lines.
Centripetal forces
Forces that bond a country together.
Gerrymandering
The designation of voting districts so as to favor a political party or candidate.
Domino Theory
The idea that political destabilization in one country can lead to collapse of political stability in neighboring countries, setting off a chain reaction of collapse.
Rectangular State
A state whose territory is rectangular in shape.
Electoral College
a certain number of electors from each state proportional to and seemingly representative of that state's population. Each elector chooses a candidate believing they are representing their constituency's choice. The candidate who receives a higher proportion of electoral votes within a state receives all the electoral votes for that state.
Geopolitics
The study of interplay between political relations and the territorial context in which they occur.
Subsequent boundaries
Boundary line established after an area has been populated that considered the social and cultural characteristics of the area.
Sovereignty
Ability of a state to govern its territory free from control of its internal affairs by other states.
Redistricting
The drawing of a new electoral district boundary lines in response to population changes.
Nation-state
A country whose population possesses a substantial degree of cultural homogeneity and unity.
Elongated State
A state whose territory is long and narrow in shape.
Imperialism
The perpetuation of a colonial empire even after it is no longer politically sovereign.
Imperialism
Control of territory already occupied and organized by an indigenous society.

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