World War II
1933-1941
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- Attack on Pearl Harbor
- "date which will live in infamy" ;; Dec. 7, 1941 ;; 3,000 casualties & fleet destroyed
- Battle of the Bulge
- Ardennes Forest ;; Dec 16, 1944 ;; Hitler's last attempt
- Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters
- 1941 led by Philip Randolph ;; threatened "Negro March to Washington" for better rights & treatment
- General George S. ("Blood 'n' Guts") Patton
- made lunges across France
- London Conference
- 1933 66 nations tried to develop solution to Great Depression ;; failed to produce results & strengthened American isolationism
- Tehran Conference
- Big Three decide to launch simultaneous attacks
- Wendell L. Willkie
- Republican candidate 1940
- Neutrality Acts
- 1935-1937 when president says there's a war... no American can legally sail on belligerent ship, sell/transport munitions to a belligerent, make loans to a belligerent
- Leyte Gulf
- last great naval battle ;; ended Japan's sea power status
- Munich Conference
- Sept 1938 let Hitler have the Sudentenland near Czechoslovakia
- Office of Price Administration
- regulated prices
- Quarantine Speech
- Chicago : verbally chastised aggressors (Germany, Italy, Japan) & placed economic embargo
- Destroyer Deal
- 50 old destroyers from WWI to give to Britain ;; British promised to give U.S. 8 defense base sites from Newfoundland to S. America
- "cash-and-carry"
- Europeans had to provide their own ships & pay in cash
- General Bernard Montgomery
- British general who defeated Rommel at El Alamein
- Seventh Pan-American Conference
- Montevideo, Uruguay ;; FDR renounced armed intervention in Latin America ;; U.S.
- Committee to Defend America by Aiding the Allies
- supporters of aid to Britain
- phony war
- months after fall of Poland
- General Douglas MacArthur
- forced to sneak out of Philippines when Japanese attacked but vowed to liberate the islands
- Atlantic Conference
- Aug 1941 8-Point Atlantic Charter ;; no territorial changes against wishes of natives (self-determination), right for people to choose own form of gov't & regain gov't abolished by dictators, diarmament & peace of security --> new League of Nations
- Havana Conference
- U.S. warned Germany it could not take over colonies in Americas
- Tydings-McDuffie Act
- 1934 Philippines will receive independence after 20 yrs of political & economic support (in 1946) ;; relinquished army bases but kept naval bases
- Nye Committee
- 1934 investigated if munitions manufacturers were pro-war to make $
- Johnson Debt Default Act
- 1934 forbade any countries that still owed the U.S. money from borrowing any more cash
- Potsdam Conference
- Allies issued an ultimatum: surrender or be destroyed
- Smith-Connally Anti-Strike Act
- let federal gov't seize & operate industries threatened by or under strikes
- Marshall Edwin Rommel
- "Desert Fox" ;; led Germans in Egypt
- Lend-Lease Bill
- lent Britain arms & ships but they would be returned when they were no longer needed ;; increased employment ;; let them fight the war for U.S.
- Casablanca Conference
- FDR & Churchill agreed on terms of "unconditional surrender"
- island hopping
- passing heavily fortified Japanese posts, capturing nearby islands, bombing enemy bases
- Fair Employment Practices Commission
- discouraged racism and oppression in workplace
- Battle at Coral Sea
- world's 1st naval battle ;; fought with aircraft via carriers
- America First Committee
- isolationists (incl. Charles A. Lindbergh)
- Henry J. Kaiser
- "Sir Launchalot";; shipbuilder ;; famous for methods of ship assembly
- Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act
- 1934 activated low-tariff policies ;; for relief & recovery ;; boosted American trade ;; amended Hawley-Smoot by lowering rates 50% provided that others do the same
- Korematsu vs. U.S.
- 1944 case affirmed constitutionality of Japanese-American concentration camps
- Spanish Civil War
- 1936-1939 rebels led by Fascist Francisco Franco against republican gov't
- Rome-Berlin Axis
- 1936 Nazi Hitler + Fascist Mussolini
- bracero program
- Mexican workers as resident workers