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Cold War Era (CH 28)

Terms

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Berlin Airlift
American and British relief effort to airlift supplies to West Berliners from 1948 to 1949.
Domino theory
belief that if South Vietnam fell to communism, other countries in the region would also fall to communism
Guerrilla
fighter who uses hit-and-run attacks.
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
alliance formed in 1949 by the United States and Western European nations to fight Soviet aggression.
Warsaw Pact
military alliance, established in 1955, of the Soviet Union and other communist states in Europe.
Marshall Plan
American plan to help European nations rebuild their economies after World War II
Satellite nation
nation that is dominated politically and economically by a more powerful nation.
Martial law
rule by the army instead of the elected government.
Star Wars
President Reagan's proposed weapons system to destroy Soviet missiles from space.
Détente
policy to reduce tensions between two countries.
Berlin Wall
wall built by the communist East German government in 1961 to seal off East Berlin from West Berlin.
Solidarity
independent labor union that challenged Poland's communist government.
SALT Agreement (Strategic Arms Limitation Talks)
treaty between the US and the Soviet Union to limit the number of nuclear warheads and missiles.
Draft
law that requires people of a certain age to enlist in the military.
United Nations
world organization established in 1945 to provide peaceful resolutions to international conflicts.
Boat people
after the Vietnam War, refugees who escaped from Vietnam in small boats.
Peace Corps
government organization that sends American volunteers to developing countries to teach or give technical advice.
Khmer Rouge
communist party in Cambodia that imposed a reign of terror on Cambodian citizens.
Escalate
to expand
Glasnot
policy in the Soviet Union of speaking openly about problems.
Censure
to officially condemn.
Organization of American States (OAS)
international organization that promotes peace and economic progress in the Americas
Alliance for Progress
economic aid program for Latin America developed by President Kennedy.
Demilitarized zone (DMZ)
area from which military forces are prohibited.
Truman Doctrine
President Truman's policy of giving American aid to nations threatened by communist expansion.
Exile
person who has been forced to leave his or her own country.
Perjury
to lie under oath.
Cold War
after World War II, long period of intense rivalry between the Soviet Union and the United States.
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
government agency that directs the American space program.
Cuban Missile Crisis
major Cold War confrontation in 1962.
38th parallel
dividing line between South Korea and North Korea.
Tet Offensive
North Vietnamese and Vietcong surprise attack on American forces in Vietnam on the Vietnamese New Year's holiday in 1968.
Bay of Pigs Invasion
failed invasion of Cuba in 1961 when a force of 1,200 Cuban exiles, backed by the United States, landed at the Bay of Pigs.
Vietcong
Vietnamese guerrillas who opposed the noncommunist government of South Vietnam.
Superpower
nation with the military, political, and economic strength to influence events worldwide.
Containment
the policy of trying to prevent the spread of Soviet influence beyond where it already existed.
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
congressional resolution passed in 1964 that authorized military action in Vietnam
Summit meeting
conference between the highest-ranking officials of different nations.

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