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APUSH Ch 3

Terms

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Salem Witch Trials
in the 1680's and 1690's adolescent girls of Salem, Massachusetts, accused several West Indian servants of voodoo lore, and hundreds of people (mostly women) of witchcraft (exercising of satanic powers), ending with 19 being put to death, and the girls who had been the accusers, admitting that they fabricated their story. This was one of the many examples of hysteria and chaos that broke out due to the tensions that built in Puritan communities.
Slave Codes
were laws passed by colonial assemblies, that gave white masters absolute authority over their slaves, and the only factor that determined whether a person was subject to slave codes, was color or race.
Jonathan Edwards
the most outstanding preacher of the Great Awakening, a New York Congregationalist, he attacked the new doctrines of easy salvation, and preached the traditional Puritan ideas of absolute sovereignty of God, predestination, and salvation by God's grace alone. He would even tell his listeners vivid descriptions of hell.
Humoralism
was an idea popularized by the Roman physician Galen, who believed that the human body contained four humors, or body fluids; yellow bile, black bile, blood and phlegm, and in a healthy body these four humors existed in balance, and if they did not one must be gotten rid of.
Publick Occurences
the first newspaper of the colonies, published in Boston, used a relatively advanced printing facility. Since literacy rates rose in the colonies the newspaper industry would eventually become very popular in colonial life.
Saugus Works
when metal works became important in the colonies, this ironwork industry was created in Saugus, Massachusetts, (1st iron works in America)and was successful in making iron bars that could be made into nails, pots, and anvils, but because of financial problems it closed its doors.
Indentured Servitude
the system of temporary servitude, where young men and women bound themselves to masters for fixed terms of servitude (four to five years), in exchange for passage to America, food and shelter. This method of labor was one of the largest elements of colonial population in America.
old lights
traditionalists or the leaders of Puritan beliefs during the Great Awakening.
Patriachal
the idea that Puritans lived by, where society and family was lead by male authority, and a wife was expected to devote herself almost entirely to the needs of her husband and family.
Natural law
one of the products of the Enlightenment, or a period of great scientific and intellectual discovers in Europe during the seventeenth century, these laws regulated the workings of nature, through scientific knowledge.
Stono Rebellion
an example of the ways slaves resisted their masters during the colonial period, in which about 100 blacks in South Carolina, rose up, seized weapons, killed several whites and attempted to escape south to Florida, but they were caught and many participants executed.
Ben Franklin Poor Richard's Almanac
when Almanacs became the first books widely published, other than the bible, as families used them for medical advice, navigational and agricultural information, practical wisdom, humor, and predictions about the future and weather, this one became the most famous written.
Huguenots
or French Calvinists, that left Roman Catholic France for the English colonies of North America after the Edict of Nantes, which had guaranteed them substantial liberties, was revoked in 1685
John Peter Zenger
New York publisher, whose trial showed the differences between colonial and English court, when he was tried for libelous charges, and the court declared that if the information printed was true, then it was not libel, something that contradicted the beliefs of Parliament in England, who said that if there was a printed attack on a public official, whether true or false, was considered libel. Also, this verdict removed some colonial restrictions on the freedom of the press.
George Whitefield
a powerful preacher, made several evangelizing tours through the colonies and drew tremendous crowds, during the Great Awakening, known for theatrics.
William and Mary College
established in Williamsburg, Virginia, 1693, by Anglicans, and named for the king and queen of England.
The Middle Passage
the long journey that slaves from Africa had to take to the Americas, when many of them were crammed together, and chained in the bowels of slave ships and supplied with little food and water.
The Great Awakening
just when settlers believed religious piety was in decline, this ideology, which said that every person had the potential to break away from the constraints of the past and start anew in his or her relationship with God. Which was appealing to the younger sons, who inherited nothing from their families, and reflected their desires to break away from their families and start a new life.
Town meeting
when a town was established in New England, residents held a yearly meeting where they decided important questions and chose a group of selectmen who ran the town's affairs. Participation was restricted to adult males who were members of the church.
Scotch- Irish
the most numerous of newcomers to America, Scotch Presbyterians who had previously settled in northern Ireland, came to America and pushed out the edges of European settlement, and occupied land without regard to who owned it.
Triangular Trade
the commerce or trade that existed between the colonies, the West Indies, England, and Africa. Merchants carried rum and agricultural products out of New England, to Africa, who exchanged the merchandise with slaves, who were transported to the West Indies, which were exchanged for sugar and molasses that were shipped back to New England to make rum.
Royal Society of London
the leading English scientific organization, made up of leading merchants, planters and even theologians, all devoted to the discoveries of scientific ideas.
John and Charles Wesley
powerful evangelists from England, and founders of Methodism, visited Georgia and other colonies in the 1730's where they spread the revival.
New lights
evangelists or the leaders of the revivalist beliefs during the Great Awakening.
Harvard College
the first American college, established in 1636 by Puritan theologians who wanted to create a training center for ministers. The school was named for John Harvard, a Charleston minister, who had left it his library and half his estate
Pennsylvania Dutch
settlers of Pennsylvania, who had left Germany to escape both religious persecution, and invasion that broke out in their lands, English settlers named them this when hearing the term from their nationality, Deutsch.

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