APUSH-14
Terms
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- Neutrality Acts, 1935-1940
- a series of laws which represented a movement of becoming involved while prevent another WWi in the US. no loans, no fighting, won't sell arms to belligerent nations, no support for spanish civil war to chinz vs. Japan, allows cash and carry (up front pay ment not really fesable)
- Washington Conference, 1922
- a naval disarmament conference which resulted in many new treaties like the 5 power treaty. the first american disarmament treya which set the form for future such treaties
- shipsattacked by german submarins before america's enterance into the war. cause distrust of germans in america
- Robin Moor and Reuben James
- Robert Oppenheimer
- an American theoretical physicist, best known for his role as the director of the Manhattan Project, the World War II effort to develop the first nuclear weapons, at the secret Los Alamos laboratory in New Mexico. Known as "the father of the atomic bomb," at the Trinity test, he said, quoting from the Bhagavad Gita, "If the radiance of a thousand suns were to burst at once into the sky, that would be like the splendor of the mighty one. Now I am become Death, the destroyer of worlds."
- Quarantine Speech, 1937
- given by FDR, it was a toal miscalculation and given toearly in th war. it called for total economic isolation of japan and germany but was rejected by the american people and other allies
- Panay Incident, 1937
- a Japanese attack on the United States Navy gunboat Panay while she was anchored in the Yangtze River outside of Nanjing on December 12, 1937. cause resentment towards japan among all americans
- Kellogg-Braind Pact, 1928
- Frank Kellog, US secretary of state signed an agreement with france and 15 other nations to find peaceful resolutions rather than resorting to war.
- Manhattan roject
- the project to develop the first nuclear weapon (atomic bomb) during World War II by the United States, the United Kingdom, and Canada. Formally designated as the Manhattan Engineer District (MED), it refers specifically to the period of the project from 1941-1946 under the control of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, under the administration of General Leslie R. Groves. The scientific research was directed by American physicist J. Robert Oppenheimer.
- ultimately ended American neutrality. the US trusted that the Brittish and other allies would eventually return the arms we loan them. we could give millitary supplies to any country whose defense involved our safety. ended neutrality (we gave $50.6 billion in 4 1/2 years)
- Lend-Lease Act, 1941
- German-Soviet Non-Agression Pact
- an agreement between stalin and hitler not to attack eachother. allowed hitler to take over europe while avoiding involvement of russia
- Fair Employment Practices Commission, 1941
- implemented US Executive Order 8802, requiring that companies with government contracts not discriminate on the basis of race or religion. It was intended to help African Americans and other minorities obtain jobs in the homefront industry. On June 25, 1941, President Roosevelt created the Fair Employment Practices Committee (FEPC) by signing Executive Order 8802, which stated, "there shall be no discrimination in the employment of workers in defense industries or government because of race, creed, color, or national origin." This was due in large part to the urging of A. Philip Randolph, who had the support of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters.
- Isolationism
- a foreign policy which combines a non-interventionist military policy and a political policy of economic nationalism (protectionism). In other words, it asserts both of the following: Non-interventionism - Political rulers should avoid entangling alliances with other nations and avoid all wars not related to direct territorial self-defense. Protectionism - There should be legal barriers to control trade and cultural exchange with people in other states.
- Pearl Harbor, 1941
- America had an oil embargo on the phillippeans and guam, but japan NEEDED resources, so they attack america. results in American joing WWII
- Buenos Aires Conference, 1936
- ???
- Reciprocal Trade Agreements, 1934-1940
- provided for the negotiation of tariff agreements with separate nations, particularly Latin American countries. It resulted in a reduction of duties. The Act was a response to the Hawley-Smoot tariff bill, which showed that Congress was unable to create a coherent, non-biased trade policy. It was used to negotiate tariff-reduction agreements with Canada, Argentina, Uruguay and Great Britain, among others. Many of its provisions were prototypes of the principal-supplier rules which formed a major part of the GATT after 1945.
- Americas First Committee
- the foremost pressure group against American entry into the Second World War. despite its ultimate ineffectiveness, the America First committee had been potent enough to delay the passage of lend-lease and keep the Roosevelt administration from obtaining its goals without opposition for almost two years. Led by CHarels A Lindbergh (pro monroe doctrine)
- Four Freedoms Speech
- goals famously articulated by United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt in the State of the Union Address he delivered to the 77th United States Congress on January 6, 1941. In an address also known as the Four Freedoms speech, Roosevelt proposed four points as fundamental freedoms humans "everywhere in the world" ought to enjoy: sppech and expression, religion, want, fear. want and fear were new ideas which excited americans by going beytond the constituional values
- Office of Price Administration
- established within the Office for Emergency Management of the United States Government by Executive Order 8875 on August 28, 1941. The functions of the OPA were originally to stabilize prices (price controls) and rents after the outbreak of World War II.
- A. Phillip Randolph
- a prominent twentieth century African-American civil rights leader and founder of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, which was a huge victory for labor and especially for African-American labor organizing.
- Stimson Doctrine
- a policy of the United States federal government, enunciated in a note of January 7, 1932 to Japan and China, of non-recognition of international territorial changes effected by force. The principles of this doctrine were also used in the U.S. Under Secretary of State Sumner Welles's declaration of July 23, 1940, on the non-recognition policy of the Soviet annexation and incorporation of three Baltic countries — Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. These principles were still applied until the de facto restoration of independence of these three Baltic nations in August 1991.
- Johnson (foriegn securities) act, 1934
- prohibited foreign nations in default from marketing their bond issues in the United States. Senator Hiram Johnson sponsored the Act which included a passage that forbade loans to nations in default on their debts.
- War Production Board
- established in 1942 by executive order of Franklin D. Roosevelt. The purpose of the board was to regulate the production and allocation of materials and fuel during World War II in the United States. It rationed such things as gasoline, heating oil, metals, rubber, and plastics. It was dissolved shortly after the defeat of Japan in 1945.
- Maginot Line
- built by fance as a wall of armaments along german border, but was unsuccessful as the germans were anble to walk around the wall through belgium
- Atlantic Charter, 1941
- between Churchhill and FDR and was similar to the 4 points. agreement between america and britan but NOT an alliance. it gave freedom of trade and the seas, allowed for no territory changes of gains and agreed that al people should have the right to chose their government (problem for colonies)
- Charles A Lindbergh (1930's)
- an American pilot famous for the first solo, non-stop flight across the Atlantic, from Roosevelt Field, Long Island to Paris in 1927 in the Spirit of St. Louis. In the ensuing deluge of fame, Lindbergh became the world's best-known aviator.
- Wartime Conferences
- Casablanca, Cairo, Teheran, Quebec, Yalta, Potsdam
- Tydings-McDuffie Act, 1932
- a United States federal law which provided for self-government of the Philippines and for Filipino independence (from the United States) after a period of ten years. The act reclassified all Filipinos that were living in the United States as aliens for the purposes of immigration to America. Filipinos were no longer allowed to work legally in the US, and a quota of 50 immigrants per year was established.