Wes Civ II (H)
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- Thomas More, Utopia
- served under Henry VIII in Parliament and as royal amabassador/lord chancellor. resigned ini protest and wrote Utopia as critique for society, executed for writings
- Pre-Reformation problems/issues in RCC
- crisis in authority; schism 1378-1417; Erasmus and humanism; drinking, prostitution
- St. Bartholome's Day Massacre, 1572
- arranged marriage and attempted assasination led to increased animosity between Cathloics and Protestants
- Cardinal Richelieu
- French Roman Catholic; provided solution for Protestants; subsidized Lutheran Gustavus, Lutheran and Catholic powers joined together ot fight the Hapsburg Catholics
- Bohemian phase
- previous denial of Protestant rights. King of Bohemia/HRE Rudolf grant some Protestants almost equal rights as Catholics, later to be limited, then eliminated. Protestant worship outlawed
- Ulrich Zwingli
- leader of reform in Switzerland; influenced by Erasmus; attacked corruption among the church hierarchy and church rituals of fasting and celibacy
- Swedish Stage Phase
- King of Sweden-Gustavus Adolphus-wants to protect Protestants
- Spanish Armada, defeat of
- Elizabeth queen of england, Mary queen of Scotts, Phillip II King of Spain. Spain lost never powerful again, England number one
- Vassalage
- system where a man would pledge loyalty to a lord and carry out his commands, collect taxes, and get troops toether; vassals looked to lords to give them land in return for their service; pledging ceremony took place between lord and vassal; vassals could pledge to multiple lords
- 30 years' war (causes)
- religion: Catholics and protestants, political weakness, ethnic competition,
- Puritans, England and New England
- precise in doctrine, anti-Catholic, finish reformation, salvation alone through God; Bible as ultimate authority, migration to America spritiual reward, Harvard U, education very important
- Virginia Dare
- first English child born in Americas
- 30 years' war (outcomes)
- balance of power shifted form Hapsburg in Spain and Austria to France, England, Dutch Republic. fostered growth of armies and bureaucracies; created basis for modern Europe; devastated Germany; government became secular; ends idea of united Christendom
- Avignon papacy
- RCC-seat of pope moved from Rome to avignon, then moved back to Rome, some remained loyal to Avignon, caused division in church
- John White
- returned to England to raise support, but never returned
- simony
- RCC-buying and selling of church offices
- French Period Phase
- Cardinal Richelieu, Roman Catholics fighting on behalf of Protestants aginst Catholic Empire; war changes from religious to political; Spain joins German and Catholics
- Intervention Phase
- reversal of Peace of Augsburg (prince determines religion) by Ferdinand II
- Peace of Augsburg
- princes determine faith in their regions, to maintain balance of Catholics and protestants, didn't recgonize calvinists
- Hans Grimmelshausen, the Adventures...
- recoutnts war horror great detail, maid, mother, sister raped, held father's feet to fire until he told where jewels and gold were
- Roanoke colony
- lost colony settled by English