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Wes Civ II (H)

Terms

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Thomas More, Utopia
served under Henry VIII in Parliament and as royal amabassador/lord chancellor. resigned ini protest and wrote Utopia as critique for society, executed for writings
Pre-Reformation problems/issues in RCC
crisis in authority; schism 1378-1417; Erasmus and humanism; drinking, prostitution
St. Bartholome's Day Massacre, 1572
arranged marriage and attempted assasination led to increased animosity between Cathloics and Protestants
Cardinal Richelieu
French Roman Catholic; provided solution for Protestants; subsidized Lutheran Gustavus, Lutheran and Catholic powers joined together ot fight the Hapsburg Catholics
Bohemian phase
previous denial of Protestant rights. King of Bohemia/HRE Rudolf grant some Protestants almost equal rights as Catholics, later to be limited, then eliminated. Protestant worship outlawed
Ulrich Zwingli
leader of reform in Switzerland; influenced by Erasmus; attacked corruption among the church hierarchy and church rituals of fasting and celibacy
Swedish Stage Phase
King of Sweden-Gustavus Adolphus-wants to protect Protestants
Spanish Armada, defeat of
Elizabeth queen of england, Mary queen of Scotts, Phillip II King of Spain. Spain lost never powerful again, England number one
Vassalage
system where a man would pledge loyalty to a lord and carry out his commands, collect taxes, and get troops toether; vassals looked to lords to give them land in return for their service; pledging ceremony took place between lord and vassal; vassals could pledge to multiple lords
30 years' war (causes)
religion: Catholics and protestants, political weakness, ethnic competition,
Puritans, England and New England
precise in doctrine, anti-Catholic, finish reformation, salvation alone through God; Bible as ultimate authority, migration to America spritiual reward, Harvard U, education very important
Virginia Dare
first English child born in Americas
30 years' war (outcomes)
balance of power shifted form Hapsburg in Spain and Austria to France, England, Dutch Republic. fostered growth of armies and bureaucracies; created basis for modern Europe; devastated Germany; government became secular; ends idea of united Christendom
Avignon papacy
RCC-seat of pope moved from Rome to avignon, then moved back to Rome, some remained loyal to Avignon, caused division in church
John White
returned to England to raise support, but never returned
simony
RCC-buying and selling of church offices
French Period Phase
Cardinal Richelieu, Roman Catholics fighting on behalf of Protestants aginst Catholic Empire; war changes from religious to political; Spain joins German and Catholics
Intervention Phase
reversal of Peace of Augsburg (prince determines religion) by Ferdinand II
Peace of Augsburg
princes determine faith in their regions, to maintain balance of Catholics and protestants, didn't recgonize calvinists
Hans Grimmelshausen, the Adventures...
recoutnts war horror great detail, maid, mother, sister raped, held father's feet to fire until he told where jewels and gold were
Roanoke colony
lost colony settled by English

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