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WH2 UNIT 2

Terms

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Henry Hudson
English explorer who sailed for the Dutch searching for the Northwest Passage
Tenochtitlan
city in middle of lake built by Aztecs as their capital with floating gardens called Chinampas
Pedro Cabral
Followed da Gama& made a wide arc into the western Atlantic landing on Brazil coast claiming it for Portugal.
John Cabot
Italian navigator who lead the first english expidition to North America financed by King Henry VII, he found New Foundland
Jacques Marquette & Louis Joliet
Fur Traders in New France who travelled the Wisconsin & Mississippi Rivers.
Francisco Vasquez de Coronado
Set out in 1540, captured the Zuni Indians and followed the Colorado River from the coast inland (other Spaniards explored up as far as the Grand Canyon.
Quebec
First permanent French settlement in America
magellan
named the Pacific ocean and was the first to circum navigate the world
Hudson River
Claimed by Henry Hudson for the Netherlands
monopoly
a complete control over a good or service
Treaty of Tordesillas
When the line of demarcation was moved further west and entire nonchristian world was divided between spain and portugal
pirates
interested in patriotism and hoped for a fortune
Hernando De Soto
Previously been with Pizzaro and in 1539 led an expedition to Florida, discovering the Mississippi River.
Samuel de Champlain
The Father of New France, established Quebec, explored coast of Maine & established settelments in Monreal & Nova Scotia, helped build the fur trade of France.
Jacques Cartier
French Explorer who reached the Lawrence River in 1535 and claimed it for France; called new France.
Francisco Pizzaro
Got permission from Emperor Charles V of Spain to take controlof south America coast.
encomiendas
land grants were given as royal favors to speacial people and conquistadors
West Indies
many french settled in French-owned islands in the Caribbean
John Hawkins
an English merchant who defined Spanish trade and brought european goos and african slaves to the spanish settlements in the americas; sold goods at a good profiit
Northwest Passage
1497, a hoped-to-be-found water route through North America from east to west coast
Prince Henry the Navigator
with portugal - he led European nations in exploration looking for a sea route to India
free blacks
some african slaves earned or were given their freedom.
peons
indians whpo lived on the lands and has formaly worked for aztecs and inca nobles
Trading Company
a company often a joint-stock company,established primarily for trade.
Trading Post
Settlements established along rivermouths and where trade w as carried on.
New Foundland
explored by Cabot and found to have rich fishing grounds
Atahualpa
Inca ruler who greated Pizzaro,
jesuit Missionaries
Pioneered the exploration of the interior where they startedschools & mission churches
Dutch Guiana & parts of Brazil
Oher Dutch holdings in the Western hemisphere
Portugese King
Game wealthy nobles large land grants
inflation
prices rise rapidly fast.
maroons
runaway slaves(in Dutch Guinana and Jamacia were never conquered)
Full Room of Gold
Pizzaro promised to free Atahualpa after a ransom of a ____________
Viceroy
Ruler that was sent to help govern. Spain sent one to help settle the unrest in Peru.
indentured servants
europeans who agreed to work a certain number of years for an american employer in exchange for paid passage over seas.
Papel line of demarcation
established by the pope, a dividing line in the Atlantic ocean giving Spain possession of all lands already discovered and all nonchristian lands to be discovered W of Europe, and Portugal all nonchristian lands E of that line
Treaty of Paris
in 1763. ended french and indian war and 7 yeats war giving britian most of France's colonial possessions in North America. French territory West of Mississippi went to Spain; France could keep sugar colonies in Caribbean but French power in americas had been broken.
important results of Treaty of Paris 1763:
1) French power in america was broken. 2) English limited areas where American colonists could settle which helped to bring about the American Revolutionary war.
mestizo
children of indians and europeans
Sir Francis Drake
Hawkin's cousin; circumnavigated the world and returned a hero; he was a priavteer.
european economics
scarcity arose as rich European bought up available goods, which caused inflation.
mercantilism
countries who wanted to get strong and stay that way by getting more gold, silver, and coloniesand exporting more than importing
French and Indian War(also known as 7 year war in europe)
war between england and france, fought over lands around Great lakes and St. Larence River; France Lost
Sagres
Navigational school established by Prince Henry, his map makers drew new maps and kept them a secret
New Amserdam
Founded by Hudson now known as New York City
Bullions
gold and silver bars
Result of Ransom
After Atahualpa paid the ransom, Pizarro had him strangled and sent Spain 1/5 of gold and divided the rest among the conquestadors. After fighting among themselves (Conquistadors, Pizarro was killed.
mullatoes
children of blacks and europeans
Privateer
a legal english pirate
Amerigo Vespucci
Named America
LaSalle
Fur Trader in New France, begining in Ohio River going all the way to Gulf claiming the entire Mississippi River Valley for France and named it Louisiana in honor of KingLouis XIV.
Montezuma
Aztec leader who died of Small Pox
Balboa
first notable conquistador and the first european to see the pacific ocean
plantation agriculture
dominated with main crops of tobacco and rice
Conquistidors
Spanish conquerors

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