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Terms

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Bill of Rights
Written list of freedoms the government promises to protect.
Mason-Dixon Line
Boundary between Pennsylvania and Maryland the divides the Northern colonies from Southern.
First Continental Congress
In 1774, this was a meeting of delegates in Philadelphia from twelve colonies.
Intolerable Acts
Acts done by the King that lead to the Declaration of Independence.
Patriot
Colonists who favored war against Britain .
Sabbath
Holy day of rest.
Mayflower Compact
A 1620 agreement for ruling the Plymouth Colony.
French and Indian War
A war that took place from 1754 to 1763 that led to the end of the French in North America.
Puritan
Group of English Protestants who settled in the Massachusetts's Bay Colony.
Ferdinand Magellan
Spaniard who lead an expedition across the Pacific.
James Madison
Delegate to the Constitutional Convention, author of the Bill of Rights and Fourth President of the United States of America. He was president during the War of 1812, and his wife, Dolly, was credited with saving many of the relics from the White House when the British burned Washington.
Ally
Nation that works with other nations for a common purpose.
Public School
School supported by taxes.
Common Sense
A 1776 essay by Thomas Payne that urged the colonies to declare independence.
Writ of Assistance
Legal document that allowed British customs official to inspect a ships cargo without giving a reason.
Triangular Trade
Colonial trade route between England, the West Indies and Africa.
Racism
Belief that one race is superior to the other.
Guerilla
Fighter who uses hit and run tactics.
Proclamation of 1763
Law forbidding English colonies to settle west of the Appalachian Mountains.
Alliance
An agreement between countries.
Virginia Plan
The plan that created the House of Representatives.
Quakers
Protestant reformers who believed in equality of all people.
Christopher Columbus
A Colombian Sailor who though he sailed to China but was really in Cuba.
New Jersey Plan
The plan that created the Congress.
Treaty of Paris
A 1763 agreement between Britain and France that ended the French and Indian War; Peace Treaty between the United States and Britian ratified in 1783 that recognized the United Sates as an independent Nation.
Benedict Arnold
Revolutionary war general/hero who became the biggest traitor in American History while commanding Westpoint and joined the British Army.
Royal Colony
Colony under the direct control of the English crown.
Mercantilism
Theory that a nation's economic strength came from keeping strict control over its colonial trade.
Slave Codes
Laws that control the lives of enslaved African Americans and denied them basic rights.
Libel
Act of publishing a statement that may unjustly damage a person's reputation.
Tea Acts
In 1773, law that let the British East Indian Company bypass tea merchants and sell directly to colonists.
Blockade
The shutting of a port to keep people or supplies from moving in or out.
Loyalists
Colonists who remains loyal to Britain.
Ratify
To approve.
Mission
Religious settlement run by Catholic priest and friars.
Gentry
Highest social class in the 13 English colonies.
Columbian Exchange
The global exchange of goods and ideas resulting from encounters between people of the eastern and Western hemisphere.
Declaration of Independence
A 1776 document stating that the thirteen English colonies were a free and independent nation.
Debtor
Person who cannot pay money he or she owes.
Boston Massacre
A 1770 conflict in which 5 colonist were killed by British troops.
Execute
To go about doing something
Charter
Permission from the King to establish a colony.
Magna Carta
Signed in 1215, a British document that contained two basic ideas: monarchs themselves have to obey the laws and citizens have basic rights.
Currency
Money.
Battle of Lexington and Concord
The first battle of the revolutionary war and the place of the shot heard round the world.
Francis Marion
The swamp fox from South Carolina who lead a small band of militia who slept by day and traveled by night. His soldiers used guerilla or hit and run tactics to harass the British.
Representative Government
Political system in which voters elect representatives to make laws for them.
Petition
Formal written request to someone in authority that is signed by a group of people.
Three-Fifths Compromise
The compromise that made African America people count as 3/5 of a person instead of a whole person because they did not have any rights.
Townshed Acts
Laws assed in1767 that taxed goods such as glass, paper, paint, lead, and tea.
Executive Branch
Branch of Government that carries out laws.
Navigation Act
Series of English laws in the 1650s that regulated trade between England and its colonies.
Conquistador
Named for the Spanish explorers who claimed land in the Americas for Spain.
George Washington
Leader of the Continental Army.
Articles of the Confederation
First American constitution passed in 1777 which created a loose alliance of 13 independent states.
Judicial Branch
A branch of government that decides if laws are carried out fairly.
Seige
When somebody takes over something.
Valley Forge
Pennsylvania site of Washington's Continental Army encampment during the winters of 1777 - 1778.
Great Awakening
Religious Movement in the English colonies in the early 1700's.
Established Church
The religion of a country.
Militia
An army of citizens who serve together as soldiers during an emergency.
Depression
Period when business activity slows, prices and wages fall and unemployment rises.
Battle of Yorktown
In 1778, American victory in Virginia that forced the British to surrender.
Mercenary
Soldier who fights merely for pay often for foreign countries.
Traitor
Person who betrays his or her country.
Missionary
A person who tries to spread certain religious beliefs among a group of people.
Northwest Ordinance
In 1787, law that set up government for the Midwestern States.
Pilgrims
English settlers seeking religious freedom in America.
Minutemen
Colonial militia volunteers who were prepared to fight in a minute's notice.
Persecution
Mistreatment or punishment of a group of people because of their beliefs.
Constitution
Document that sets out the laws, principals and organization process of government.
Olive Branch Petition
Peace petition sent to King George by colonial delegates after the Battle of Lexington and Concord.
Enlightenment
Movement in Europe in the 1600s and the 1700s that inspired the use of reason.
Colony
A group of people who settle in a different land but are still ruled by the government of their native land.
Indentured Servants
Persons who agreed to work without wages for a period of time in exchange for passage to the colonies.
Battle of Saratoga
In 1777, the first major victory in the American Revolution.
Proprietary Colony
English colony in which the king gave land to proprietors in exchange for yearly pay.
Religious Tolerance
Willingness to let others practice their religion.
Parliament
Representative assembly in England.
Legislative Branch
Branch of Government that passes laws.
John Smith
The captain who provided strong leadership for Jamestown colony. He set up work to eat rules and established peaceful relations with native Americans.
The Great Compromise
Plan at the Constitutional Convention that settled the differences between large and small states.
King George III
King of England during the revolutionary war.
Precedent
Act or decision that sets an example for others to follow.
Stamp Act
In 1755 Law that placed new duties on legal documents and taxed newspapers, almanacs, playing cards, and dice.
Roanoke
The first British attempt at colonization in the Americas that mysteriously vanished.
Committee of Correspondence
Letter writing Campaign that became a major tool of protest in the colonies.
Jamestown
The first successful British colony in America.
Thomas Jefferson
Wrote the Declaration of Independence, ambassador to France during Revolutionary War and third President of the United States.
Constitutional Convention
Gathering of state representatives on May 25, 1787 to revise the Articles of Confederation.
Northwest Passage
A waterway through or around North America.
Protestant reformation
Movement to reform the Roman Catholic Church.
Cash Crop
Crop sold for money at market.
Boston Tea Party
In 1773, protests in which colonists dressed as Indians dumped British tea into Boston harbor.

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