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Mexican Revolution

Mexican Revolution for History of the Americas IB exam

Terms

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Venustiano Carranza
rebel to oust Huerta; attempts to make Constitution of 1917; northern rancher; US supported
Porfirio Diaz
dictator of Mexico for 34 years; maintained power through alliance with Church, army, foreign capitalists and landowners; peace and suppression; worked well with American businesses
National Revolutionary Party (PNR)
Calles' party; dominates politics from 1929 to 1938; selects and elects presidents; peacefully transfers power; grew and grew to Part of the Institutionalized Revolution
Victoriano Huerta
military commander to betray and overthrow Madero; similar to Diaz; porfirista
Later effects of Mexican Revolution
nationalism; nationalized economy; growing middle class; mass involvement in politics; rebirth of Mexican culture and patriotism; never had a lasting effect
Obregon's reforms
restores communal land holdings; redistributes land; increases literacy and education
Lazaro Cardenas
president 1934 to 1940; accelerates land distribution with 45 million acres going out; replaced Calles; transfers power to masses; nationalized railroads (1937) and oil companies (1938)
Francisco Madero
rebel to kick out Diaz and seize power; government lasts 15 months
Francisco Villa (1877-1923)
attacked Columbus, New Mexico on March 9, 1916; led rebellions in northern Mexico; represents peons and cowboys
Peons
peasants who worked on large ranches and haciendas; wanted their own land
Problems with Villa and Zapata
regional and social bases only; bandits; bought out
Immediate effect of Mexican Revolution
a million lives; ruined agrarian, ranching and mining economy;
Importance of Constitution of 1917
an effect of the Mexican Revolution; very modernizing; instigates reform
Dwight W. Morrow
US ambassador to Mexico starting 1927; improves Mexico-US relations
Alvara Obregon
general who overthrows Carranza in 1920 for moving too slowly with reforms; represents rising middle sectors
Good Neighbor Policy
President FDR's policy towards Latin America; asks for compensation for seizure of oil property; strengthens US-Mexico relations
American opinion of Mexico
American Catholics angry about Mexican treatment of The Church; US oil interests upset about Mexico's nationalizing oil properties
General John Pershing
US general who unsuccessfully pursues Villa in Mexico
Francisco Madero's actions in office
unprepared, vague platform; symbol of revolt; permitted open discussion
Plan of San Luis Potosi (Oct. 1910)
Francisco Madero's plan to overthrow Diaz
Jose Vasconcelos
Minister of education under Obregon; cultural nationalist
President Wilson's action in Mexico
won't recognize Huerta; sends in troops at Vera Cruz to keep European arms from Huerta and let US arms go to Carranza; "watchful waiting;" went after Villa;
Important characteristics of Mexican Revolution
stirring of the masses; social revolution; initially lacking in goals or reform; growing nationalism and antiforeign
Mexican opinion of America
bitter about Vera Cruz and villa persuit; feared "Yankee imperialism" and US economic power
Plutarco Calles
Mexican president after Obregon; continued reform; took on the Church
Emiliano Zapata (1879-1919)
led rebellions in southern Mexico; headed agrarian reform of returning land to peasants; illiterate peasant farmer
Key points of Constitution of 1917
Article 27: land reform and restricting foreign economic control; Article 123: labor reform; minimum wage; maximum hours; pensions; benefits; unionize and strike; Article 130: restricts Church and clergy
Plan of Ayala (Nov. 1911)
Emiliano Zapata's plan of seizing land from rich ranch owners and giving it to the poor people

Deck Info

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