Barrons Chapter 5
Terms
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- gerrymandering
- the designation of voting districts so as to favor a particular party or candidate
- subsequent boundaries
- boundary line established after an area has been settled that ocnsiders the social and cultural characteristics of the area
- east/west divide
- geographic separation between the largely democratic and free-market countries of Western Europe and the Americas from the communist and socialist countries of Eastern Europe and Asia
- fragmented state
- a state that is not a contiguous whole but rather separated parts
- exclave
- a bounded territory that is part of a particular state but is separated from it by the territory of a different state
- prorupted state
- a state that exhibits a narrow, elongated land extension leading away from the main territory
- domino theory
- the idea that political destabilization in one country can lead to collapse of political stability in neighboring countries, starting a chain reaction of collapse
- law of the sea
- law establishing states' rights and responsibilities concerning the ownership and use of the earth's seas and oceans and their resources
- common wealth of independent states
- confederacy of independent states of the former soviet union that have united because of their common economic and administrative needs
- compact state
- a state that possesses a roughly circular, oval, or rectangular territory in which the distance from the geometric center is relatively equal in all directions
- states' rights
- rights and power believed to be in the authority of the state rather than the federal government
- political geography
- the spatial analysis of political phenomena and processes
- antecedent boundaries
- a boundary line established before an area is populated
- heartland theory
- hypothesis proposed by Halford Mackinder that held that any political power based in the heart of Eurasia could gain enough strength to eventually dominate the world
- electoral college
- a certain number of electors from each state proportional to and seemingly representative of that state's population. each elector chooses a candidate believing they are representing their constituency's choice. the candidate who receives a higher proportion of electoral votes within a state receives all the electoral votes for that state
- physical boundary
- political boundaries that correspond with prominent physical physical features such as mountain ranges or rivers
- organization of petroleum exporting countries
- an international economic organization whose member countries all produce and export oil
- geometric boundary
- political boundaries that are defined and delimited by straight lines
- microstate
- a state or territory that is small in both population and area
- international organization
- an alliance of two or more countries seeking cooperation with each other without giving up either's autonomy or self-determination
- nation-state
- a country whose population possesses a substantial degree of cultural homogeneity and unity
- federalism
- a system of government in which power is distributed among certain geographical territories rather than concentrated within a central government
- territorial dispute
- any dispute over land ownership
- superimposed boundaries
- boundary line drawn in an area ignoring the existing cultural pattern
- landlocked state
- a state that is completely surrounded by the land of other states, which gives it a disadvantage in terms of accessibility to and from international trade routes
- colonialism
- the expansion and perpetuation of an empire
- reapportionment
- the process of a reallocation of electoral seats to defined territories
- nation
- tightly knit group of individuals sharing a common language, ethnicity, religion, and other cultural attributes
- north american free trade agreement
- agreement signed on Jan. 1, 1994 that allows the opening of borders between the US, Mexico, and Canada
- rimland theory
- Nicholas Spykman's theory that the domination of the coastal fringes of Eurasia would provide the base for world conquest
- elongated state
- a state whose territory is long and narrow in shape
- self-determination
- the right of a nation to govern itself autonomously
- state
- a politically organized territory that is administered by a sovereign government and is recognized by the international community
- centrifugal forces
- forces that tend to divide a country
- european union
- international organization comprised of Western European countries to promote free trade among members
- perforated state
- a state whose territory completely surrounds that of another state
- lebensraum
- Hitler's expansionist theory based on a drive to acquire "living space" for the German people
- united nations
- a global supranational organization established at the end of world war II to foster international security and cooperation
- theocracy
- a state whose government is either believed to be divinely guided or a state under the control of a group of religious leaders
- confederation
- a form of an international organization that brings several autonomous states together for a common purpose
- organic theory
- the view that states resemble biological organisms with life cycles that include stages of youth, maturity, and old age
- frontier
- an area where borders are shifting and weak and where peoples of different cultures or nationalities meet and lay claim to the land
- popular vote
- the tally of each individual's vote within a given geographic area
- centripetal forces
- forces that tend to unite or bind a country together
- redistricting
- the drawing of new electoral district boundary lines in response to population changes
- territorial organization
- political organization that distributes political power in more easily governed units of land
- north atlantic treaty organization
- an international organization that has joined together for military purposes
- rectangular state
- a state whose territory is rectangular in shape
- north/south divide
- the economice division between the wealthy countries of Europe and North America, Japan, and Australia and the generally poorer countries of Asia, Africa, and Latin America
- supranational organization
- organization of 3 or more states to promote shared objectives
- electoral vote
- the decision of a particular state elector that represents the dominiant views of that elector's state
- nationalism
- a sense of national pride to such an extent of exalting one nation above all others
- geopolitics
- the study of the interplay between political relations and the territorial context in which they occur
- imperialism
- the perpetuation of a colonial empire even after it is no longer politically sovereign