10th Grade Social Studies TAKS
Terms for 10th Grade Social Studies TAKS Test
Terms
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- Industrial Revolution
- shift from agriculture to industry (commercial industry) mass production of goods. It also led to the growth of cities and global trade
- 95 Theses
- Martin Luther's ideas that he posted on the chuch door at Wittenburg which questioned the Roman Catholic Church. This act began the Reformation
- Life Expectancy
- average number of years people live
- Justinian
- Emporer of the Byzantine Empire who wrote a law code
- Self Determination
- right of groups of people to create their own nation
- Sub-Saharan Africa .
- The land south of the Sahara Desert in Africa that includes some of the world's richest mineral deposits and fertile land.
- Subsistence agriculture
- having just enough food to survive with very little left over
- Demographics
- statistical data of a population like - GDP per capita, Life Expectance, Literacy Rate, Infant mortality, ethnicity, religion etc
- Bubonic Plague
- disease brought to Europe from the Mongols during the Middle Ages. It killed 1/3 of the population and helps end Feudalism
- Straits of Hormuz
- A narrow body of water linking the Persian Gulf with the Gulf of Oman causing a choke point.
- Industrialized
- having industries for the machine production of goods
- Draco
- Greek reformer who wrote a harch law code
- Natural Rights / Individual Rights
- Life, Liberty, property or Life, Liberty, the Pursuit of Happiness
- Protestant Reformation
- movement that began to correct problem in the Roman Catholic Church. It caused a split and the development of Protestant Churches
- Canals
- artificial waterway for navigation, irrigation
- Republic
- government were citizens elect representatives ex: Rome Greece
- Columbian Exchange
- transfer of plants, animals, disease, and cultures between Europe, Asia and Africa (Old World) and North and South America (New World). It started with Christopher Columbus to the Americas in 1492
- Andean civilization
- developed complex societies such as the Inca
- Natural Barriers
- mountains, deserts and oceans
- Monotheism
- belief in one god
- Abraham Lincoln
- President of the United States during the Civil War
- Checks and Balances
- each branch of government has a way to restrict/check the actions of the other 2 branches
- The Senate
- Part of the Legislative Branch whose job is to makes the Laws
- Articles of Confederation
- US first plan of government that failed because of the weak central (national) government
- Per Capita Income
- average income per person
- Popular Sovereignty
- The concept that political power rests with the people who create and can alter or abolish government.
- Nullification Crisis
- prelude to the Civil War. South Carolina believed a State had the power to override the Federal (National) Government
- Karl Marx
- economic thinker that developed communism
- Panama Canal
- water way through Panama that shortens the distance by water from East coast of the US to the West Coast
- States Rights
- issue of the Civil War. South believed the States had more power than the Federal Government
- Crusaders
- Christian warriors sent to regain the Holy Land (Jerusalem) from the Muslims that controlled
- John Locke
- Proposed the ideas of natural rights - life liberty, property
- Latitude
- flat - horizontal lines on a map
- Limited Government
- restrictions on the powers the government has like states cannot create money
- Cuneiform
- writing system in the Fertile Crescent/Mesopotamia
- Schism
- split in the church
- Constitutional Monarchy
- rulers power is limited by law - Great Britain's current form of government since Glorious Revolution
- Atlantic Slave Trade
- millions of Africans were enslaved and transported across the Atlantic Ocean to work on plantations in the Americas and Caribbean region
- Labor force
- people in a society that are willing and able to work
- George Washington
- He was commander of the Continental Army, defeated Cornwallis at the Battle Yorktown, and 1st president of the U.S. A.
- Bartering
- trading goods or services for other goods or services
- Straits
- a narrow passage of water connecting two large bodies of water
- Representative democracy
- citizens vote for representatives who make and enforce the laws. US form of government
- Magna Carta
- law code signed by King John of England that limited his power and was the first time for limited government
- Imperialism
- strong nations seek to dominate other countries (territories) politically, economically, or socially
- Longitude
- up and down - vertical lines on a map
- Emancipation Proclamation
- Statement made by Abraham Lincoln which essentially freed the slaves
- 1215
- The year the Magna Carta, the cornerstone of English justice and law was signed
- Direct Democracy
- government where citizens vote directly on laws - ex: Athens
- Literacy Rate
- percent of people in a country that can read and write
- Barriers
- Thes slow down movement/migration
- Inalienable/Unalienable
- Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness same as natural or individual rights
- Absolute Monarchy
- king/queen who has unlimited power
- 1791
- Year that the first 10 amendments to the Constitution were made which protected the rights of individuals from abuses of the national government
- Middle Ages
- period in Europe that began after the fall of the Roman Empire Characterized by feudalism, Roman Catholic Church was the unifier of the age with more power than Kings/Lords
- Cotton Gin
- invented by Eli Whitney it removed the seeds from cotton quicker than by hand which helped increase production
- Subsistence economy
- similar to traditional economy and associated with subsistence agriculture
- Federalism
- division of power between the national (federal) and state governments - ex.: national gov't coins money and the state gov't cannot
- Irrigation Canals
- technology used by early farmers to get water to the crops
- Declaration of Independence
- sent to Britain (George III) with the grievances the Colonist had with England and why they were going to become their own Nation
- Infant Mortality
- average number of children that die by the age of 5
- Glorious/Bloodless Revolution
- England's overthrow of the monarchy and establishment of a constitutional monarchy (representative government)
- Civil War
- U.S. was divided over the issues of states rights and slavery
- Adam Smith
- economic thinker that supported capitalism
- Urban
- This is also referred to as a city
- Indulgences
- pardon for sin. Martin Luther questioned the churches authority to pardon sin and especially the idea that you could buy the pardon
- Federalist Papers
- Articles published to get support for the Constitution.
- Mesoamerica civilizations
- developed complex societies such as Maya and Aztec
- Age of Exploration & Colonization
- Europeans explored and conquered much of the world. Goal was to find trade route to Asia
- Suez Canal
- water way through Egypt that connect the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea
- Henry Ford
- He created the first assembly line used for manufacturing of automobiles
- Polytheism
- belief in many gods
- Theocracy
- government where the religious leader run the government
- Commercial Agriculture
- mass production of food
- ziggurats
- Temples in the Fertile Crescent/Mesopotamia
- Cottage industry
- making goods out of the home
- Enlightenment
- 18th century European movement that applied reason to all aspects of society and help changed government
- Renaissance
- Rebirth of ideas, art, and architecture of the Greeks and Romans
- Republicanism
- The form of government where people elect representatives the create and enforce laws
- Federalist
- supporters of the Constitution. They favored a strong national government.
- International Trade
- exchange of goods and ideas (commerce) between the new nations and different parts of the world expanded
- Thomas Jefferson
- He wrote the Declaration of Independence, was the 3rd president of the U.S.A. and made the Louisiana purchase
- Iron Curtain
- Term used to describe the division between Western (democratic) Europe and Eastern (communist) Europe
- Traditional economy
- basic economy that was used in early farming and hunting and gathering societies
- Famine
- extreme hunger and scarcity of food
- Montesquieu
- Proposed that a government should have 3 branches
- Migration
- movement of people from on country or location to another
- Fertile Crescent
- early river valley civilization located in modern day Iraq on the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers
- Hammurabi
- Mesopotamian king who created the first written law code
- Cathedrals
- Gothic Architecture used to show religious spirit during the Middle Ages
- Secularism
- belief in worldly rather than spiritual ideas
- Factory System
- the production of goods in a factory through the use of machines and a large number of workers
- Standard of living
- quality of life, such as housing, health, education
- English Bill of Rights
- guaranteed/protected basic rights of the English citizens and foundation for US Bill of Rights
- Magnetic Compass
- Chinese invention that helped make sea travel across the Atlantic Ocean possible
- Humanism
- Renaissance Value that humans are important. It shifted the focus from the after life (religion) to a person's life on earth
- Silk Road
- trade route that went from China to the Middle East and into Europe - called the Silk Road b/c of the Silk only coming from China
- Printing Press
- Machine that allowed text to be mass produced which allowed the spreading of ideas
- Anti-Federalist
- opposed to the Constitution because it gave too much power to the national government and not enough to the states. They also wanted individual rights protected
- Scientific Revolution
- surge in scientific discovery in Europe
- Diffusion/spatial exchange (cultural diffusion)
- the spread of ideas, people and places to new places
- Winston Churchill
- Leader of Great Britain in WWII who coined the phrase Iron Curtain
- Nationalism
- pride in ones country
- Capitalism/Market Economy
- an economic system based on private ownership and on the investment of money in business ventures in order to make a profit (money)
- 1066
- Battle of Hastings - centralized government
- Oligarchy
- government ruled by a few powerful people
- Separation of Powers .
- Organization of government whichinto three branches - legislative, executive and judicial; proposed by Montesquieu
- Founding of Jamestown
- 1607 first colony in America. Established representative government based on the British system of government
- Totalitarianism
- A form of government that controls every aspect of public and private life. EX: Hitler in Germany
- Communism/Command Economy
- an economic system in which all means of production are owned by the people, private property does not exist, and all goods and services are shared equally