Geology Ch 17
Terms
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- Columbia Plateau is a vast area of Tertiary
- basalts
- the Mediterranean basin became a site of
- evaporite deposition
- after North America collided with the Pacific-Farrallon ridge
- subduction ceased, and the continental margin became bounded by major transform faults, except where the Juan de Fuca plate continues to collide with North America
- Laramide formation occurred
- from Alaska to Mexico
- Cenozoic uplift and erosion were responsible for
- the present topography of the Appalachian Mountains
- westward drift of North American resulted in its collision with
- the Pacific-Farallon ridge
- back-arc spreading, a rising mantle plume, and overriding the East Pacific Rise are explanations for the structure of the
- Basin and Range Province
- Quaternary
- term for a geologic period or system comprising
- much of the present-day tectonic activity in the Middle East can be accounted for by the northward movement of
- the Arabian plate
- the rifting of Pangaea accounts for
- the present distribution of continents and oceans
- Tertiary facies relationships of the Gulf Coastal Plain were controlled largely by
- transgression and regressions
- North American Cordillera
- complex mountainous region in western North America extending from Alaska into central Mexico
- Cenozoic orogenic activity occurred mostly in two major belts:
- Alpine-Himalayan orogenic belt and the circum-Pacific orogenic belt
- Basin and Range Province
- area centered on Nevada but extending into adjacent states and northern Mexico; characterized by Cenozoic block-faulting
- Alpine orogeny resulted from convergence of
- the African and Eurasian plates
- subduction of the Farallon plate beneath North America resulted in
- the vertical uplifts of the Laramide orogeny
- Tertiary
- term for a geologic period or system comprising all geologic time or rocks from the end of the Cretaceous to the beginning of the Quarternary
- oceanic lithosphere continues to subduct beneath
- Central and South America
- collision orogen
- orogen produced as a result of a collision of two continents, e.g., the collision of India with Asia that resulted in the formation of the Himalayas
- Arc orogens characterize
- the western and northern Pacific Ocean basin
- Back-arc spreading appears to be responsible for
- back-arc marginal basins such as the Sea of Japan
- Alpine-Himalayan belt
- major linear belt of deformation extending from the Atlantic Ocean eastward across southern Europe and northern Africa, through the Middle East, and into southeast Asia; one of two major Mesozoic-Cenozoic orogenic belts
- subduction of oceanic lithosphere occurred along
- the western margins of the Americas during much of the Cenozoic
- contains large quantities of oil and natural gas
- a seaward-thickening wedge of sediments pierced by salt domes on the Gulf Coastal Plain
- Gulf Coastal Plain facies patterns were controlled by
- transgression and regression of the Cenozoic epeiric sea
- area of active volcanism
- Cascade Range
- Columbia River basalts represent
- one of the world's greatest eruptive events
- back-arc marginal basin
- basin formed on the continentward side of a volcanic island arc; thought to form by back-arc spreading; the site of a marginal sea, e.g., the Sea of Japan
- North American Cordillera's Cenozoic evolution included
- deformation during the Laramide orogeny, extensional tectonics that formed the basin-and-range structures, intrusive and extrusive volcanism, and uplift ad erosion
- with the convergence of the African and Eurasian plates, mountain building occurred in
- southern Europe, the Middle East, and northern Africa
- the Laramide orogen is farther inland than is
- typical of most orogens
- Colorado Plateau was deformed less than
- other areas of the Cordillera
- sediments eroded fro Laramide uplifts were deposited in
- intermontane basins, on the Great Plains, and in a remnant of the Cretaceous epeiric sea in North Dakota
- During the Tertiary Period, what sea was teh last of the epeiric seas to invade North America
- Tejas Sea
- the North American plate is now bounded mostly by
- transform faults
- as Indian separated from Gondwana it
- moved north, and eventually collided with Asia, causing the uplift of the Himilayas
- Laramide orogeny is centered in
- the middle and southern Rockies
- salt dome
- structure resulting from the upward movement of a mass of salt through overlying layers of sedimentary rocks. oil and gas fields are commonly associated with salt domes
- Farallon plate
- Late Mesozoic-Cenozoic oceanic plate that was largely subducted beneath North America; remnants of the Farallon plate are the Juan de Fuca and Cocos plates
- San Andreas transform fault
- major transform fault extending through part of California; connect with spreading centers in the Gulf of Mexico and in the Pacific Ocean off the northwest coast of the United States
- much of the sedimetn eroded fro the Appalachians was deposited on
- the Atlantic Coastal Plain
- plate motions caused the closure of
- the Mediterranean basin
- circum-Pacific belt
- one of two major Mesozoic-Cenozoic orogenic belts; located around the margins of the Pacific Ocean basin; includes the orogens of South and Central America; the Cordillera of western North America, and the Aleutian, Japan, and Philippine arcs
- Cordilleran volcanism was more or less
- continuous throughout the Cenozoic
- Tejas epeiric sea
- Cenozoic epeiric sea that was largely restricted to the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal plains and parts of coastal California, but did extend into the continental interior in the Mississippi Valley
- Tertiary history fo the Appalachians involved mostly
- uplift and erosion
- 5 epochs or series of the Tertiary
- Paleocene, Eocene, Oligocene, Miocene, and Pliocene
- area of North America currently being deformed by tensional forces
- Basin and Range Province
- some geologists think that the hot spot now beneath Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, was responsible for volcanism in the
- Snake River Plain
- rifting of Pangaea that began during the Late Triassic continued through
- the Cenozoice
- differential movement on Basin and Range Province faults produced
- uplift ranges separated by broad, sediment-filled basins
- Cordilleran volcanism varied in
- eruptive style and location
- arc orogen
- area of deformation, such as an island arc, that results from subduction of an ocean plate; characterized by deformation and igneous activity
- Laramide orogeny
- Late Cretaceous to Early Cenozoic phase of the Cordilleran orogeny; responsible for many of the structural features of the present-day Rocky Mountains. in contrast to Nevadan and Sevier orogenies, the Laramide orogeny deformed the margin of the craton
- Andes Mountains formed as a result of convergence between the South American and which plate
- Nazca
- much of the sediment eroded from the Himalayas has been deposited in the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal
- submarine fans
- Alpine orogeny
- Late Mesozoic-Cenozoic episode of mountain building affecting southern Europe and northern Africa
- the San Andreas transform fault formed when what plate was finally consumed by subduction beneath Norht America
- Farallon plate
- volcanism continues in the Cascades of
- the northwestern United States
- responsible for the present day topography of the Colorado Plateau
- Late Tertiary uplift and erosion
- within the North American Cordillera and was little deformed during the Laramide orogeny
- Colorado Plateau
- Tensional tectonics in the Basin and Range Province yielded
- north-south oriented, normal faults
- the two belts that compose the Cenozoic orogenic activity are composed of
- smaller unites called orogens
- North American Cordillera
- complex mountainous region extending from Alaska to Mexico
- other than Mount St. Helens, which Cascade Range volcano was active during the century
- Mount Lassen
- numerous salt domes penetrate the Mesozoic and Cenozoic sedimentary rocks of the
- Gulf Coastal Plain