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Geology Ch 17

Terms

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Columbia Plateau is a vast area of Tertiary
basalts
the Mediterranean basin became a site of
evaporite deposition
after North America collided with the Pacific-Farrallon ridge
subduction ceased, and the continental margin became bounded by major transform faults, except where the Juan de Fuca plate continues to collide with North America
Laramide formation occurred
from Alaska to Mexico
Cenozoic uplift and erosion were responsible for
the present topography of the Appalachian Mountains
westward drift of North American resulted in its collision with
the Pacific-Farallon ridge
back-arc spreading, a rising mantle plume, and overriding the East Pacific Rise are explanations for the structure of the
Basin and Range Province
Quaternary
term for a geologic period or system comprising
much of the present-day tectonic activity in the Middle East can be accounted for by the northward movement of
the Arabian plate
the rifting of Pangaea accounts for
the present distribution of continents and oceans
Tertiary facies relationships of the Gulf Coastal Plain were controlled largely by
transgression and regressions
North American Cordillera
complex mountainous region in western North America extending from Alaska into central Mexico
Cenozoic orogenic activity occurred mostly in two major belts:
Alpine-Himalayan orogenic belt and the circum-Pacific orogenic belt
Basin and Range Province
area centered on Nevada but extending into adjacent states and northern Mexico; characterized by Cenozoic block-faulting
Alpine orogeny resulted from convergence of
the African and Eurasian plates
subduction of the Farallon plate beneath North America resulted in
the vertical uplifts of the Laramide orogeny
Tertiary
term for a geologic period or system comprising all geologic time or rocks from the end of the Cretaceous to the beginning of the Quarternary
oceanic lithosphere continues to subduct beneath
Central and South America
collision orogen
orogen produced as a result of a collision of two continents, e.g., the collision of India with Asia that resulted in the formation of the Himalayas
Arc orogens characterize
the western and northern Pacific Ocean basin
Back-arc spreading appears to be responsible for
back-arc marginal basins such as the Sea of Japan
Alpine-Himalayan belt
major linear belt of deformation extending from the Atlantic Ocean eastward across southern Europe and northern Africa, through the Middle East, and into southeast Asia; one of two major Mesozoic-Cenozoic orogenic belts
subduction of oceanic lithosphere occurred along
the western margins of the Americas during much of the Cenozoic
contains large quantities of oil and natural gas
a seaward-thickening wedge of sediments pierced by salt domes on the Gulf Coastal Plain
Gulf Coastal Plain facies patterns were controlled by
transgression and regression of the Cenozoic epeiric sea
area of active volcanism
Cascade Range
Columbia River basalts represent
one of the world's greatest eruptive events
back-arc marginal basin
basin formed on the continentward side of a volcanic island arc; thought to form by back-arc spreading; the site of a marginal sea, e.g., the Sea of Japan
North American Cordillera's Cenozoic evolution included
deformation during the Laramide orogeny, extensional tectonics that formed the basin-and-range structures, intrusive and extrusive volcanism, and uplift ad erosion
with the convergence of the African and Eurasian plates, mountain building occurred in
southern Europe, the Middle East, and northern Africa
the Laramide orogen is farther inland than is
typical of most orogens
Colorado Plateau was deformed less than
other areas of the Cordillera
sediments eroded fro Laramide uplifts were deposited in
intermontane basins, on the Great Plains, and in a remnant of the Cretaceous epeiric sea in North Dakota
During the Tertiary Period, what sea was teh last of the epeiric seas to invade North America
Tejas Sea
the North American plate is now bounded mostly by
transform faults
as Indian separated from Gondwana it
moved north, and eventually collided with Asia, causing the uplift of the Himilayas
Laramide orogeny is centered in
the middle and southern Rockies
salt dome
structure resulting from the upward movement of a mass of salt through overlying layers of sedimentary rocks. oil and gas fields are commonly associated with salt domes
Farallon plate
Late Mesozoic-Cenozoic oceanic plate that was largely subducted beneath North America; remnants of the Farallon plate are the Juan de Fuca and Cocos plates
San Andreas transform fault
major transform fault extending through part of California; connect with spreading centers in the Gulf of Mexico and in the Pacific Ocean off the northwest coast of the United States
much of the sedimetn eroded fro the Appalachians was deposited on
the Atlantic Coastal Plain
plate motions caused the closure of
the Mediterranean basin
circum-Pacific belt
one of two major Mesozoic-Cenozoic orogenic belts; located around the margins of the Pacific Ocean basin; includes the orogens of South and Central America; the Cordillera of western North America, and the Aleutian, Japan, and Philippine arcs
Cordilleran volcanism was more or less
continuous throughout the Cenozoic
Tejas epeiric sea
Cenozoic epeiric sea that was largely restricted to the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal plains and parts of coastal California, but did extend into the continental interior in the Mississippi Valley
Tertiary history fo the Appalachians involved mostly
uplift and erosion
5 epochs or series of the Tertiary
Paleocene, Eocene, Oligocene, Miocene, and Pliocene
area of North America currently being deformed by tensional forces
Basin and Range Province
some geologists think that the hot spot now beneath Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, was responsible for volcanism in the
Snake River Plain
rifting of Pangaea that began during the Late Triassic continued through
the Cenozoice
differential movement on Basin and Range Province faults produced
uplift ranges separated by broad, sediment-filled basins
Cordilleran volcanism varied in
eruptive style and location
arc orogen
area of deformation, such as an island arc, that results from subduction of an ocean plate; characterized by deformation and igneous activity
Laramide orogeny
Late Cretaceous to Early Cenozoic phase of the Cordilleran orogeny; responsible for many of the structural features of the present-day Rocky Mountains. in contrast to Nevadan and Sevier orogenies, the Laramide orogeny deformed the margin of the craton
Andes Mountains formed as a result of convergence between the South American and which plate
Nazca
much of the sediment eroded from the Himalayas has been deposited in the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal
submarine fans
Alpine orogeny
Late Mesozoic-Cenozoic episode of mountain building affecting southern Europe and northern Africa
the San Andreas transform fault formed when what plate was finally consumed by subduction beneath Norht America
Farallon plate
volcanism continues in the Cascades of
the northwestern United States
responsible for the present day topography of the Colorado Plateau
Late Tertiary uplift and erosion
within the North American Cordillera and was little deformed during the Laramide orogeny
Colorado Plateau
Tensional tectonics in the Basin and Range Province yielded
north-south oriented, normal faults
the two belts that compose the Cenozoic orogenic activity are composed of
smaller unites called orogens
North American Cordillera
complex mountainous region extending from Alaska to Mexico
other than Mount St. Helens, which Cascade Range volcano was active during the century
Mount Lassen
numerous salt domes penetrate the Mesozoic and Cenozoic sedimentary rocks of the
Gulf Coastal Plain

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