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8-SOCIAL-CH. 28

Terms

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Dwight D. Eisenhower
34th president;1953-1961
Sputnik
Soviet artificial satellite launched in 1957- the start of the space race
boat people (Vietnam War)
after the Vietnam War, refugees who escaped from Vietnam in small boats (p. 831)
exile
person who has been forced to leave his or her own country (p. 823)
Douglas MacArthur (Korean War)
General during the Korean War
detente
policy to reduce tensions between two countries (p. 833)
satellite nation
nation that is dominated politically and economically by a more powerful nation
Winston Churchill
leader of Great Britain during and after WWII 1940-45; 1950-55
38th parallel (Korean War)
dividing line between South Korea and North Korea (p. 816)
superpower
nation with the military, political, and economic strength to influence events worldwide (p. 823)
summit meeting
conference between the highest-ranking officials of different nations (p. 835)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
NASA government agency that directs the American space program (p. 825)
Ronald Reagan
40th president 1981-1989
Mao Zedong
Took over China in a communist revolt and est. the People's Republic of China in 1959
Joseph McCarthy
Senator who led the "red scare" accusing citizens of communist activities, from 1950-1954
Peace Corps 1963-now
government organization that sends American volunteers to developing countries to teach or give technical advice (p. 824)
John F. Kennedy
35th president; 1961-1963
Organization of American States
(OAS) international organization that promotes peace and economic progress in the Americas (p. 824)
Star Wars (1981)
President Reagan's proposed weapons system to destroy Soviet missiles from space (p. 834)
demilitarized zone (Korean War)
DMZ-area from which military forces are prohibited (p. 818)
glasnost (1985-Gorbachev)
policy in the Soviet Union of speaking openly about problems (p. 835)
guerilla (Vietnam War)
fighter who uses hit-and-run attacks (pp. 192, 828)
United Nations 1945 (est.)- now
world organization established in 1945 to provide peaceful resolutions to international conflicts (p. 813)
Truman Doctrine 1947
President Truman's policy of giving U.S. aid to nations threatened by communist expansion
Cold War 1945-1981
after WWII, long period of intense rivalry between the U.S. and Soviet Union
containment
the policy of trying to prevent the spread of Soviet influence beyond where it already exists
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution (Vietnam War)
Congressional resolution passed in 1964 that authorized military action in Vietnam (p. 828)
Berlin Airlift 1948-49
American and British relief effort to airlift supplies to West Berliners from 1948 to 1949 (p. 812)
SALT Agreement (1972)
(Strategic Arms Limitation Talks) treaty between the United States and the Soviet Union to limit the number of nuclear warheads and missiles; Pres. Nixon(p. 833
Vietcong (Vietnam War)
Vietnamese guerrillas who opposed the noncommunist government of South Vietnam (p. 828)
domino theory (Vietnam War)
belief that if South Vietnam fell to communism, other countries in the region would follow (p. 828)
Tet Offensive (Vietnam War)
North Vietnamese and Vietcong surprise attack on American forces in Vietnam on the Vietnamese New Year's holiday in 1968 (p. 829)
Richard Nixon
36th president; 1969-1974
Solidarity (1981)
independent labor union that challenged Poland's communist government (p. 834)
martial law
rule by the army instead of the elected government (pp. 487, 834)
escalate (Vietnam War)
to expand (p. 828)
Harry S. Truman
33rd President 1945-1953; known for dropping the atomic bomb and post WWII policies
Fidel Castro
communist leader of Cuba 1959-present
North Atlantic Treaty Organization 1949
NATO-alliance formed in 1949 by the United States and Western European nations to fight Soviet aggression (p. 813)
Bay of Pigs invasion 1961
failed invasion of Cuba in 1961 when a force of 1,200 Cuban exiles, backed by the United States, landed at the Bay of Pigs (p. 823)
Cuban missile crisis 1962
major Cold War confrontation in 1962 (p. 823)
Alliance for Progress
economic aid program for Latin America developed by President Kennedy (p. 824)
Ho Chi Minn
communist leader of South Vietnam
draft (Vietnam War)
law that requires people of a certain age to enlist in the military (pp. 502, 693, 829)
Warsaw Pact 1955
military alliance, established in 1955, of the Soviet Union and other communist states in Europe (p. 813)
Mikhail Gorbachev
Soviet leader ; 1985 : responsible for glasnost and reduction in arms race
perjury
to lie under oath (p. 820)
Khmer Rouge (Vietnam War)
communist party in Cambodia that imposed a reign of terror on Cambodian citizens (p. 831)
censure
to officially condemn (p. 820)
Marshall Plan 1947-1952
American plan to help European nations rebuild their economics after WWII
Berlin Wall 1961(-1989)
wall built by the communist East German government in 1961 to seal off East Berlin from West Berlin (p. 813)

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