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Chapter 5 Barrons

Terms

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Fragmented State
A state that is not contiguous whole but rather separated parts.
Self
determination- The right of a nation to govern itself autonomously.
Physical boundary
Political Boundaries that correspond with physical features such as mountains or rivers.
Subsequent boundaries
Boundary line established after an area has been populated that considered the social and cultural characteristics of the area.
NAFTA
north American free trade agreement- Agreement signed on JAN. 1 1994, that allows the opening of borders between the United States Mexico and Canada.
Commonwealth of independent states
Confederacy of independent states of independent states of the former soviet Union that have united because of their common economic and administrative needs.
European Union
International organization comprised of Western European countries to promote free trade among members.
Geopolitics
The study of interplay between political relations and the territorial context in which they occur.
Nation
state- A country whose population possesses a substantial degree of cultural homogeneity and unity.
North/South divide
The economic division between the wealthy countries of Europe and North America, Australia and Japan and generally poorer countries of Asia Africa and Latin America.
States' rights
Rights and powers believed to be the authority of the state rather than the federal government.
Theocracy
A state whose government is either believed to be divinely guided or a state under the control of religious leaders.
Domino Theory
The idea that political destabilization in one country can lead to collapse of political stability in neighboring countries, setting off a chain reaction of collapse.
Landlocked state
A state that is completely surrounded by the land of other states, which is bad for accessibility and trade.
Gerrymandering
The designation of voting districts so as to favor a political party or candidate.
Reapportionment
The relocation of electoral seats to defined territories.
Territorial dispute
Any dispute over land ownership
Confederation
A form of an international organization that brings several autonomous states together for a common purpose.
Rimland theory
Nicholas Spykman's theory that the domination of the coastal fringes of Eurasia would provided the base for world conquest.
Political geography
The spatial analysis of political phenomena and processes.
Nationalism
A sense of national pride to such extent as to exalt one nation above all others.
International Organization
An alliance of two or more countries seeking cooperation with each other without giving up either's autonomy or self determination.
NATO
North Atlantic treaty organization- An international organization that has joined together for military purposes.
Frontier
An area where borders are shifting and weak and where peoples of different cultures or nationalities meet and lay claim to the land.
Centripetal forces
Forces that bond a country together.
Superimposed boundaries
Boundary line drawn in an area ignoring the existing cultural pattern.
Territorial organization
Political organization that distributes political power in more easily governed units of land.
Redistricting
The drawing of a new electoral district boundary lines in response to population changes.
Geometric Boundary
Political boundaries that are defined and delimited by straight lines.
Centrifugal forces
forces that tend to divide a country.
Rectangular State
A state whose territory is rectangular in shape.
United Nations
A global supranational organization established at the end of WWII to foster international security and cooperation.
Electoral College
a certain number of electors from each state proportional to and seemingly representative of that state's population. Each elector chooses a candidate believing they are representing their constituency's choice. The candidate who receives a higher proportion of electoral votes within a state receives all the electoral votes for that state.
Law of the sea
Law establishing states rights and responsibilities concerning the ownership and use of the earth's seas and oceans and their resources.
Supranational organization
organization of 3 or more states to promote shared activities.
Prorupted state
A state that exhibits a narrow, elongated land extension, leading away from the main territory.
Antecedent boundaries
A boundary line established before an area is populated
Imperialism
The perpetuation of a colonial empire even after it is no longer politically sovereign.
Nation
Tightly knit group of people sharing the same language ethnicity religion and other cultural attributes.
Heartland theory
Hypothesis proposed by Halford MacKinder that held that any political power based in the heart of Eurasia could gain enough strength to eventually dominate the world.
Perforated state
A state whose territory completely surrounds that of another state.
Popular vote
The tally of each individuals vote within a specific geographic area.
Microstate
A state or territory that is small in both size and population.
East/West Divide
Geographic separation between the largely democratic and free-market countries of Western Europe and the Americas from the communists and socialists countries of Eastern Europe and Asia
Lebensraum
Hitler's expansionist theory based on a drive to acquire living space for German people.
Electoral Vote
The decision of a particular state elector that represents the dominant views on that elector's state.
Federalism
a system of government in which power is distributed among certain geographical territories rather than concentrated within a central government.
Compact state
A state that posses a roughly circular shape from which the geometric center is relatively equal in all directions.
State
A politically organized territory that is administered by a sovereign government and is recognized by the international community.
Exclave
A bounded territory that is part of a particular state but is separated from it by the territory of a different state.
Organic Theory
The view that states resemble biological organisms with life cycles that include all stages of life.
Elongated State
A state whose territory is long and narrow in shape.
OPEC
Organization of petroleum exporting countries- An internal economic organization whose member countries produce and export oil.

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