European Expansion
Terms
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- Middle Passage
- The difficult voyage made by enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to the West Indies where they were sold
- Geocentric
- Based on the idea that Earth is the center of the universe and that the sun, stars, and planets revolve around Earth
- Conquistador
- A Spainish conqueror who came to America to search for gold, land, and glory
- Triangular Trade
- From the 1500s to the mid 1800s, the triangular-shaped trade routes between the Americas, England, and Africa, which involved the buying and selling of captive Africans as well as guns, sugar, and iron goods
- West Indies
- An archipelago stretching from Florida to Venezuala, sepparating the Caribbean Sea from the Atlantic Ocean
- Pedro Alvarey Cabral
- Portuguese navigator who landed on the coast of Brazil in 1500 and claimed it for Portugal
- Hacienda
- A large agricultural estate owned by Spaniards or the church in Spain's American colonies
- Elizabeth Veale
- Early colonist of the English colony of New South Wales in Australia who helped establish the production of wool as an important Australian industry
- Strait of Magellan
- A narrow waterway at the southern tip of South America, linking the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans
- Convict
- A person who has been found guilty by the government of committing a crime and recieves a sentence of punishment
- Santo Domingo
- A Spainish colony established on Hispaniola in 1496; the capital of the Dominican Republic
- Hispaniola
- A Caribbean island settled by Spaniards in 1493; a present-day island that is divided into the Dominican Republic and Haiti
- Line of Demarcation
- An imaginary line drawn across North and South America in 1494 to divide the claims of Spain and Portugal
- Heliocentric
- Based on Copernicus's idea that Earth and other planets revolve around the sun
- Emancipee
- A person who has been freed, or emancipated, from a sentence of punishment given to him or her by the government
- Vasco Da Gama
- Portuguese navigator who in 1498 sailed from Europe around Africa to Asia
- Bartholomeu Dias
- Portuguese ship captan whose voyage around the southern tip of Africain in 1487 led to the opening of a sea route between Europe and Asia
- Credibility
- Believability
- James Cook
- A navigator and ship captain who explored and claimed land in Australia for England in 1770
- Prince Henry
- Portuguese prince who directed the search for a searoute to the gold mines of western Africa. He also designed a fast steerable ship known as the caravel.
- Peru
- Colonial lands held by Spain in South America from the 1500s to the 1800s; present-day country in western South America
- Moctezuma
- Aztec empire defeated and killed by the Spainish conquistador Hernando Cortes in 1520
- Scientific Method
- A way of studying things through questioning and thorough testing
- Caribbean Sea
- A sea bounded on the north and east by the West Indies, and by Central and South America on the west and south
- New Spain
- Spainish colony in North America including Mexico, Central America, the southwest United States, and many of the Caribbean Islands from the 1500s to the 1800s
- Ferdinand Magellan
- Portuguese explorer in the service of Spain; he set out to find a route to Asia by sailing around the southern tip of South America
- Francisco Pizzarro
- Spainish conquistador who in 1532 defeated the Incan emperor Atahualpa
- Telescope
- An optical instrument for making distant objects such as planets and stars, appear near and larger
- Aborigine
- A person belonging to, or decending from, the group of people who first inhabited Australia
- Sugarcane
- A tall grass with a thick, woody stem containing a liquid that is a source of sugar
- Atahualpa
- The last Incan emperor captured and killed by Fransico Pizzarro
- Mexico City
- The capital and largest city of Mexico; formerly Tenochtitlan, it became the capital of New Spain after the Spainish conquered the Aztec in the 1500s
- Isaac Newton
- English scientist who studied gravity
- New South Wales
- English colony founded on the East Coast of Australia in 1788; currently a state of Australia
- Gravity
- The force that pulls objects toward Earth and that draws planets into orbits around the sun
- Caravel
- A saling ship developed in Portugal in the 1400s that had greater directional control then earlier ships and could sail great distances more safely
- Cuzco
- A city in southern Peru, capital of the Inca empire from the 1200s to the 1500s
- Hernando Cortes
- Spainish conquistador who defeated the Aztec in 1521
- Galileo Galilei
- Italian astronomer, mathematican, and phycist. His telescopes proved that the sun is the center of the solar system
- Convert
- To adopt or cause someone to adopt a new religion
- Plantation
- A large farming estate where mainly a single cropis grown; until the mid-1800s slaves often worked on plantations
- Olaudah Equiano
- Enslaved African writer: In 1789 he wrote an autobiography describing his life in slavery
- Lima
- The capital of Peru, founded by Francisco Pizzarro in 1535
- Missionary
- A person who teaches his or her religion to people with different beliefs
- Lachlan Macquarie
- Governor of the English colony of New South Wales in Australia from 1810 to 1821. He supported the rights of the emancipees in New South Wales
- Strait
- A narrow channel or body of water connecting two larger bodies of water
- Christopher Columbus
- Italian explorer in the service of Spain who arrived in the Americas in 1492