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US History 5-9 (Events)

Terms

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Canal Boom
- Canals were a much less expensive and more convinient mean of transportation; Dewitt Clinton proposed the creation of the Erie Canal, which turned out to be a great financial success.
Monroe Doctrine
- A U.S. doctrine which, in 1823, proclaimed that European powers were no longer to colonize or interfere with the affairs of the Americas. The United States planned to stay neutral in wars between European powers and their colonies. However, if later on, these types of wars were to occur in the Americas, the United States would view such action as hostile.
"Era of Good Feeling"
- Overt political bitterness declined because the Federalists had largely dissolved and were no longer attacking the president or being attacked in return. The nation was politically united behind the Democratic-Republican Party. The Era of Good Feelings started after the War of 1812.
John Jay Treaty
- John Jay negotiated with the British to withdrawal from the posts that they occupied in the Northwest Territory of the United States. It also restricted trade with American's and the British West Indies. The British didn't entirely comply to their half of the agreement.
Battle of New Orleans
- Was the final major battle of the War of 1812.[1] American forces under General Andrew Jackson defeated an invading British army intent on seizing New Orleans and America's vast western lands. The Treaty of Ghent had been signed on 24 December 1814, but news of the peace would not reach New Orleans until February.
Proclamation of Neutrality
- A formal announcement issued by President George Washington on April 22, 1793, declaring the United States a neutral nation in the conflict between Great Britain and France that had begun with the French Revolution. It threatened legal proceedings against any American providing assistance to warring countries.
Electiion of 1800
- Thomas Jefferson defeated Aaron Burr in the presedential election. Aaron Burr and George Clinton served as VPs under him.
Election of 1761
John Adams narrowly defeated Thomas Jefferson in the presedential election. However, Jefferson was elected Vice President.
Bill of Rights
- The first ten amendments to the constitution introduced by James Madison to congress in 1791. They were ratified by 3/4ths of the states. The Bill of Rights protects the freedoms of speech, press, and religion; the right to keep and bear arms; the freedom of assembly; the freedom to petition; and prohibits unreasonable search and seizure; cruel and unusual punishment; and compelled self-incrimination.
War Hawks
- Term originally used to describe a member of the government House of Representatives of the Twelfth Congress of the US who advocated waging war against Great Britain in the War of 1812. The War Hawks advocated going to war against Britain for a variety of reasons, mostly related to the interference of the Royal Navy in American shipping, which the War Hawks believed hurt the American economy and injured American prestige.
Embargo Act
- Embargo Act was a series of laws passed by the Congress during the second term of President Thomas Jefferson. It was partly brought upon by the Chesapeake Incident involving Britain attacking U.S. ships, and partly by Britain prohibiting her trading partners from trading with France. The Embaro act prohibited all exports from the US. It backfired and hurt the nation's prosperity and Jefferson's popularity.
Tariff of 1828
- was a protective tariff passed by the U.S. Congress. It was labeled the "Tariff of Abominations" by its Southern detractors because of the effects it had on the Antebellum Southern economy. The goal of the tariff was to protect industry in the northern United States from competing European goods by increasing the prices of European products. The reaction in the South, particularly in South Carolina, would lead to the Nullification Crisis that began in late 1832.
Treaty of Greensville
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Quasi War
- Undeclared war fought entirely at sea between the United States and France from 1798 to 1800. The French began to seize American ships trading with their British enemies and refused to receive a new United States minister when he arrived in Paris in December 1796.
Whiskey Rebellion
- (Funding and Assumtion) Alexander Hamilton, assumed the states' debt from the American Revolutionary War; Hamilton convinced Congress to approve taxes on distilled spirits and carriages. Hamilton's principal reason for the tax was that he wanted to pay down the national debt. Finally, the civil protests became an armed rebellion. The first shots were fired at the Oliver Miller Homestead in present day South Park Township, Pennsylvania. A whole series of loosely organized resistance measures were taken.
Washington's Farewell Address
- In 1792 Washington was ready to retire after 1 term as the President of the US. Washington wrote a farewell address to the public. Faced with objections of his Cabinet, Washington agreed to stand for another term. Washington warned about potentially harmful political factionalism in the country, that the political parties (Federalist and Republican) needed to unify. Also warned that the US needed to avoid permanent foreign alliances in Europe.
Pinckney Treaty
- (AKA Treaty of San Lorenzo) signed in San Lorenzo de El Escorial on October 27, 1795 and established intentions of friendship between the United States and Spain. It also defined the boundaries of the United States with the Spanish colonies and guaranteed the United States navigation rights on the Mississippi River.
Lowell Factories
- Francis Cabot Lowell used water power to drive the textile looms in his factory in Massachusetts. He set the standard for how a factory should be run.
Louis and Clark Expedition
- Jefferson commissioned Louis and Clarky to explore Louisiana Territory. They located several passages through the Rockies, established friendly relationships with the natives, and aquired a wealth of geographical and biological knowledge about the land.
XYZ Affair
- A 1797 diplomatic episode that worsened relations between France and the US and led to the undeclared Quasi-War of 1798. John Jay's Treaty angered France, which was at war with Great Britain and interpreted the treaty as evidence of an Anglo-American alliance. U.S. President John Adams and his Federalist Party had also been critical of the extreme radicalism of the French Revolution, further souring relations between France and the US.
Barbary Wars
- The Barbary Wars (or Tripolitan Wars) were two wars between the United States of America and Barbary States in North Africa in the early 19th century. At issue was the pirates' demand of tribute from American merchant vessels in the Mediterranean Sea. American naval power attacked the pirate cities and extracted concessions of fair passage from their rulers.
Adams-Onis Treaty
- An historic agreement between the United States and Spain that settled a border dispute in North America between the two nations. The treaty was the result of increasing tensions between the U.S. and Spain regarding territorial rights at a time of weakened Spanish power in the New World. In addition to granting Florida to the United States.
Virginia Kentucky Resolves
- Were important political statements in favor of states' rights written secretly by Vice President Thomas Jefferson and James Madison in 1798. They were passed by the two states in opposition to the federal Alien and Sedition Acts.
Treaty of Ghent
- Signed in 1814, in Ghent was the peace treaty that ended the War of 1812 between the United States of America and Great Britain and Ireland. The treaty largely restored relations between the two countries to status quo ante bellum. Due to the era's slow speed of communication, it took weeks for news of the peace treaty to reach America, well after the Battle of New Orleans had ended.
Shay's Rebellion
- An armed uprising in Western Massachusetts from 1786 to 1787. The rebels, led by Daniel Shays and known as Shaysites (Regulators), were mostly small farmers angered by crushing debt and taxes. Failure to repay such debts often resulted in imprisonment in debtor's prisons or the claiming of property by the state.
Federalist Papers
- A series of 85 articles advocating the ratification of the United States Constitution. The states were sent the Constitution for ratification in late September 1787. The articles were written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay.
Nullification Crisis
- was a sectional crisis during the presidency of Andrew Jackson created by the Ordinance of Nullification, an attempt by the state of South Carolina to nullify a federal law passed by the United States Congress. The highly protective Tariff of 1828 (also called the "Tariff of Abominations") was enacted into law in 1828 during the presidency of John Quincy Adams

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