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US History

US History (1st Semester)

Terms

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house of representatives
determined b the population, legislative branch
Saratoga
valued fort in rev. war, turning point, served to bring the french to the colonists side
war of 1812
push british out of native america, nobody won, burned our capital
tariff of 1828
higher tariff on imports, benefitted the north
preamble
intro to the constitution, "we the people"
great plains
vast grassland btw mississippi and the rockies
Treaty of Paris
ended rev. war, involved us, france, spain, and england
texas war of independence
steven austin - 1st us colony in texas, mexican dictator didn't agree, alamo, important battle, own republic for 7yrs
nationalism
believe in nation not the state
abolition movement
end slavery, strong in the north
Lexington and Concord
the first battles of the revolutionary war
embargo act
outlawed almost all trade with foreign countries
Stamp Act
taxes on all types of documents, colonists protested and boycotted, no taxation without representation
Mayflower Compact
william bradford wrote it, an agreement to obey their government's laws, a belief in self-government
interchangeable parts
eli whitney's invention, made parts exactly alike in bulk, switch them out, increases effeciency
election of 1824
no runners from rev. war, adams clay and calhoun vs jackson, house picked adams bc clay was and influential speaker
John Smith
brave and experienced soldier, became the strong leader that the colonists needed
American Revolution
colonists vs. british, war that won our independence
stable crops
crops that are in constant demand, Tobacco in VA and NC, rice in GA and SC
samuel slater
inventor reproduced textile mill form england brought the idea to the us
Proprietary Colony
colony granted by a king or queen to an individual or group who had full governing rights (New York)
ratify
to approve
french and indian war
caused by land dispute over the ohio river valley, british and american colonists vs. french and indian allies
Salutary Neglect
britain allowed its colonies a large degree of freedom because the existing economy and politics of the colonists already served british interests
centralization
one facility with alot of tasks going on
mobile society
pple moving to west, not set to one place
Indentured Servants
worked for a master under contract called an indenture, masters gave them food and shelter
west africans
people taken for the slave trade
senate
two rep. from every state, made the small states happy, part of the legislative branch
New York Dutch
settled in NY, first called New Amersterdam then taken over by british and king of york, called new york
Ferdinand Magellan
sailed around the world
frederick douglass
strongest african american in movement
Great Lakes Region
area of ohio and michigan surrounds great lakes, lots of fishing
Common Sense
pamphlet, written by thomas paine, urged for a revolution
francis cabot lowell
manufactor of textiles, 1st centralized textile factory
xyz affair
us sent diplomats to france made us pay money to talk to them, we didn't , lead to the A&S acts
railroad
pull more items than a canal, product of industrial revolution
Georgia
managed by trustees managed by Oglethorpe, place for debtors, buffer state
lucretia mott
women's movement
Patriots
supporters of the american revolution
Non-importation Agreement
agreed not to import certain goods from certain countries, didn't work, backfired
Trenton
washington surprise attack on christmas day on british
jeffersonian republicans
jefferson is leader, opposed federalists ideas, favored democratic gov. upported states rights
John Adams
helped compose the dec. of independence, revolutionary war leader, later the 2nd president
harriet tubman
underground railroad, "moses"
Balance of Trade
difference in value between exports and imports
british-american relations
americans did not like the british, the british felt that the americans did not show enough support for them, americans taxed to pay for the war debt, the americans had no say whether they go taxed or not, got worse over time
missouri compromise
attempt to solve slavery issue, missouri a slave state, every state south of southern border slave state, maine is a free state
Quebec
capital of french-canada, english captured it
Yorktown
end of Revolutionary war, british lost
population growth
more pple moving to us, social change due to pple having lots of babies
manifest destiny
pple have the duty to move across to the west and expand
Puritans
English, wanted a purer kind of church and life. Strictly religious, escaping religious persecution
trade deficit
export more than you import
Bunker Hill
bloody battle, turning point
irish and german immigration
immigrants coming from ireland and germany
judicial branch
made up of courts and judges, enforce laws and interpret them
House of Burgesses
first legislative assembly in virginia
great compromise
roger sherman and oliver elsworth, created the senate and the houe in congress
james madison
father of the constitution, credit for the bill of rights, later president
executive branch
headed by the president, puts the laws into action
Northwest Passage
water trade route that went past or through the continent of N. America, extremely hazardous, went from Europe to India
monroe doctrine
pres. monroe, isolate ourselves, boldness, not military to back us up
Charter
a certificate of permission
gibbon vs. ogden
1824 supreme court case
3/5 compromise
3/5 of slave pop would be counted in pop for the house vote
Anglican Church
founded by Henry VIII, england's national protestant church
seneca falls convention
convention for women's rights
Declaration of independence
issued by the 2nd continental congress explaining why the colonies wanted independence from britain, cut all political ties with britain
Joint-stock company
company funded and run by a group of investors who share the company's profits and losses
patent
gives inventor right to sell, make, and use invention for a period of time without the risk of someone stealing the idea
henry clay
compromise of 1850, corrupt bargain helped adams win
Loyalists
citizens loyal to britain
george washington
1st president
Sovereignty
independent and self-sufficient
Virginia Company
sent 100 colonists to VA, a region discovered and named by Raleigh, settlers called new village Jamestown
alexander hamilton
strong federalist created the national bank
John Cabot
Italian, in search of a trade route to Asia that went through North America
separation of powers
created three branches to keep the power separate and equal
tariff
heavy tax on imported goods
veto
prohibit from becoming a law, executive branch
Virginia
settled to search for gold, became a royal colony, governor appointed by the king, TOBACCO
Articles of confederation
set of laws adopted by continental congress used to govern us after dec before constitution
Jamestown
located in VA. almost failed because of: Conflict with the Americans, Unrealistic Expectations, Location, Starvation, and Poor Leadership
Pennsylvania
William Penn, saw colony as a holy experiment, wanted religious tolerance, Quakers, safe for people of every faith
mercantilism
try to keep as much bullion as possible, land=resources=wealth=power=influence
virginia and kentucky resolutions
declared the A&S acts unconstitutional in their states, jeffersonian republicans
french revolution
democratic revolution in france, jeffersonian republicans - favored it, extension of american revolution, federalists - hated it, too bloody, made democratic revolutions look bad, showed democracy not working
alien and sedition acts
gov. can send any foreigner to jail for no reason and critics of the gov. largely federalists
Pilgrims
group of seperatists, wanted to worship freely as they wanted, made the Mayflower Compact, landed in Plymouth
checks and balances
gives branch power to check another branch
elizabeth cady stanton
involved in women's movement
Ben Franklin
wrote the 13 virtues, inventor and writer, Albany Plan of Union
strict constitution
idea of following the const. exactly, jefferson
women's rights
women and men are equal
anti-federalists
thought federalists plan posed a threat, strong state gov. weak central gov.
constitution
plan of gov. describes different types of powers of gov. and duties.
judicial review
ability of judicial branch to declare laws unconstitutional
john C. calhoun
secretary of war, amicious politician, helped adams win, corrupt bargain
labor movement
workers on strike long hours not payed enough, die out but come back
louisiana purchase
louisiana territory from france to us, $15 million
old northwest
ohio, indiana, still farming, growing grains, new technology, no manual labor, used john deer
Powhatan
in Jamestown, Indian leader, english payed him tributes
textile
clothing
Maryland
under rule of Lord Baltimore, haven for Roman Catholics and Puritans, non-christians were put to death, prosperous in growing tobacco
amendments
a change to the constitution
Middle Passage
one leg of the triangular trade, transport of slaves from africa to the americas
Natural Rights
rights that all people have, born with entitled to , in our constitution
Royal Colony
gov. appointed by king
legislative branch
congress, make the laws, senate and house
British Navigation Acts
required colonies to sell certain goods to only england, good for england bad for colonies
thomas jefferson
wrote the dec. of independence
temperance movement
set out to eliminate alchohol
banking industry
late 1700s, uncontrolled lending, bank notes
migration
moving to west
Religious Tolerance
Different religions should live in peace together
federalists
favored the constitution, wanted a strong national or central gov.
triangular trade
trade between the americas, europe, and africa
william lloyd garrison
wrote the liberator, abolitionist
bill of rights
james madison, protects rights, 1st 10 amendments
industrial revolution
not relying on manual labor, came from britain, birth of us textile industry
cotton belt
band of states, s. carolina to texas, relied on production of cotton
loose constitution
using const. as a guide line, interpret it how you want, hamilton

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