US History
US History (1st Semester)
Terms
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- house of representatives
- determined b the population, legislative branch
- Saratoga
- valued fort in rev. war, turning point, served to bring the french to the colonists side
- war of 1812
- push british out of native america, nobody won, burned our capital
- tariff of 1828
- higher tariff on imports, benefitted the north
- preamble
- intro to the constitution, "we the people"
- great plains
- vast grassland btw mississippi and the rockies
- Treaty of Paris
- ended rev. war, involved us, france, spain, and england
- texas war of independence
- steven austin - 1st us colony in texas, mexican dictator didn't agree, alamo, important battle, own republic for 7yrs
- nationalism
- believe in nation not the state
- abolition movement
- end slavery, strong in the north
- Lexington and Concord
- the first battles of the revolutionary war
- embargo act
- outlawed almost all trade with foreign countries
- Stamp Act
- taxes on all types of documents, colonists protested and boycotted, no taxation without representation
- Mayflower Compact
- william bradford wrote it, an agreement to obey their government's laws, a belief in self-government
- interchangeable parts
- eli whitney's invention, made parts exactly alike in bulk, switch them out, increases effeciency
- election of 1824
- no runners from rev. war, adams clay and calhoun vs jackson, house picked adams bc clay was and influential speaker
- John Smith
- brave and experienced soldier, became the strong leader that the colonists needed
- American Revolution
- colonists vs. british, war that won our independence
- stable crops
- crops that are in constant demand, Tobacco in VA and NC, rice in GA and SC
- samuel slater
- inventor reproduced textile mill form england brought the idea to the us
- Proprietary Colony
- colony granted by a king or queen to an individual or group who had full governing rights (New York)
- ratify
- to approve
- french and indian war
- caused by land dispute over the ohio river valley, british and american colonists vs. french and indian allies
- Salutary Neglect
- britain allowed its colonies a large degree of freedom because the existing economy and politics of the colonists already served british interests
- centralization
- one facility with alot of tasks going on
- mobile society
- pple moving to west, not set to one place
- Indentured Servants
- worked for a master under contract called an indenture, masters gave them food and shelter
- west africans
- people taken for the slave trade
- senate
- two rep. from every state, made the small states happy, part of the legislative branch
- New York Dutch
- settled in NY, first called New Amersterdam then taken over by british and king of york, called new york
- Ferdinand Magellan
- sailed around the world
- frederick douglass
- strongest african american in movement
- Great Lakes Region
- area of ohio and michigan surrounds great lakes, lots of fishing
- Common Sense
- pamphlet, written by thomas paine, urged for a revolution
- francis cabot lowell
- manufactor of textiles, 1st centralized textile factory
- xyz affair
- us sent diplomats to france made us pay money to talk to them, we didn't , lead to the A&S acts
- railroad
- pull more items than a canal, product of industrial revolution
- Georgia
- managed by trustees managed by Oglethorpe, place for debtors, buffer state
- lucretia mott
- women's movement
- Patriots
- supporters of the american revolution
- Non-importation Agreement
- agreed not to import certain goods from certain countries, didn't work, backfired
- Trenton
- washington surprise attack on christmas day on british
- jeffersonian republicans
- jefferson is leader, opposed federalists ideas, favored democratic gov. upported states rights
- John Adams
- helped compose the dec. of independence, revolutionary war leader, later the 2nd president
- harriet tubman
- underground railroad, "moses"
- Balance of Trade
- difference in value between exports and imports
- british-american relations
- americans did not like the british, the british felt that the americans did not show enough support for them, americans taxed to pay for the war debt, the americans had no say whether they go taxed or not, got worse over time
- missouri compromise
- attempt to solve slavery issue, missouri a slave state, every state south of southern border slave state, maine is a free state
- Quebec
- capital of french-canada, english captured it
- Yorktown
- end of Revolutionary war, british lost
- population growth
- more pple moving to us, social change due to pple having lots of babies
- manifest destiny
- pple have the duty to move across to the west and expand
- Puritans
- English, wanted a purer kind of church and life. Strictly religious, escaping religious persecution
- trade deficit
- export more than you import
- Bunker Hill
- bloody battle, turning point
- irish and german immigration
- immigrants coming from ireland and germany
- judicial branch
- made up of courts and judges, enforce laws and interpret them
- House of Burgesses
- first legislative assembly in virginia
- great compromise
- roger sherman and oliver elsworth, created the senate and the houe in congress
- james madison
- father of the constitution, credit for the bill of rights, later president
- executive branch
- headed by the president, puts the laws into action
- Northwest Passage
- water trade route that went past or through the continent of N. America, extremely hazardous, went from Europe to India
- monroe doctrine
- pres. monroe, isolate ourselves, boldness, not military to back us up
- Charter
- a certificate of permission
- gibbon vs. ogden
- 1824 supreme court case
- 3/5 compromise
- 3/5 of slave pop would be counted in pop for the house vote
- Anglican Church
- founded by Henry VIII, england's national protestant church
- seneca falls convention
- convention for women's rights
- Declaration of independence
- issued by the 2nd continental congress explaining why the colonies wanted independence from britain, cut all political ties with britain
- Joint-stock company
- company funded and run by a group of investors who share the company's profits and losses
- patent
- gives inventor right to sell, make, and use invention for a period of time without the risk of someone stealing the idea
- henry clay
- compromise of 1850, corrupt bargain helped adams win
- Loyalists
- citizens loyal to britain
- george washington
- 1st president
- Sovereignty
- independent and self-sufficient
- Virginia Company
- sent 100 colonists to VA, a region discovered and named by Raleigh, settlers called new village Jamestown
- alexander hamilton
- strong federalist created the national bank
- John Cabot
- Italian, in search of a trade route to Asia that went through North America
- separation of powers
- created three branches to keep the power separate and equal
- tariff
- heavy tax on imported goods
- veto
- prohibit from becoming a law, executive branch
- Virginia
- settled to search for gold, became a royal colony, governor appointed by the king, TOBACCO
- Articles of confederation
- set of laws adopted by continental congress used to govern us after dec before constitution
- Jamestown
- located in VA. almost failed because of: Conflict with the Americans, Unrealistic Expectations, Location, Starvation, and Poor Leadership
- Pennsylvania
- William Penn, saw colony as a holy experiment, wanted religious tolerance, Quakers, safe for people of every faith
- mercantilism
- try to keep as much bullion as possible, land=resources=wealth=power=influence
- virginia and kentucky resolutions
- declared the A&S acts unconstitutional in their states, jeffersonian republicans
- french revolution
- democratic revolution in france, jeffersonian republicans - favored it, extension of american revolution, federalists - hated it, too bloody, made democratic revolutions look bad, showed democracy not working
- alien and sedition acts
- gov. can send any foreigner to jail for no reason and critics of the gov. largely federalists
- Pilgrims
- group of seperatists, wanted to worship freely as they wanted, made the Mayflower Compact, landed in Plymouth
- checks and balances
- gives branch power to check another branch
- elizabeth cady stanton
- involved in women's movement
- Ben Franklin
- wrote the 13 virtues, inventor and writer, Albany Plan of Union
- strict constitution
- idea of following the const. exactly, jefferson
- women's rights
- women and men are equal
- anti-federalists
- thought federalists plan posed a threat, strong state gov. weak central gov.
- constitution
- plan of gov. describes different types of powers of gov. and duties.
- judicial review
- ability of judicial branch to declare laws unconstitutional
- john C. calhoun
- secretary of war, amicious politician, helped adams win, corrupt bargain
- labor movement
- workers on strike long hours not payed enough, die out but come back
- louisiana purchase
- louisiana territory from france to us, $15 million
- old northwest
- ohio, indiana, still farming, growing grains, new technology, no manual labor, used john deer
- Powhatan
- in Jamestown, Indian leader, english payed him tributes
- textile
- clothing
- Maryland
- under rule of Lord Baltimore, haven for Roman Catholics and Puritans, non-christians were put to death, prosperous in growing tobacco
- amendments
- a change to the constitution
- Middle Passage
- one leg of the triangular trade, transport of slaves from africa to the americas
- Natural Rights
- rights that all people have, born with entitled to , in our constitution
- Royal Colony
- gov. appointed by king
- legislative branch
- congress, make the laws, senate and house
- British Navigation Acts
- required colonies to sell certain goods to only england, good for england bad for colonies
- thomas jefferson
- wrote the dec. of independence
- temperance movement
- set out to eliminate alchohol
- banking industry
- late 1700s, uncontrolled lending, bank notes
- migration
- moving to west
- Religious Tolerance
- Different religions should live in peace together
- federalists
- favored the constitution, wanted a strong national or central gov.
- triangular trade
- trade between the americas, europe, and africa
- william lloyd garrison
- wrote the liberator, abolitionist
- bill of rights
- james madison, protects rights, 1st 10 amendments
- industrial revolution
- not relying on manual labor, came from britain, birth of us textile industry
- cotton belt
- band of states, s. carolina to texas, relied on production of cotton
- loose constitution
- using const. as a guide line, interpret it how you want, hamilton