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Chapter 26

Terms

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Megalopolis
cities in America that began to grow rapidly in the post Civil War decades. In 1860, no city in the US had a million people. By 1890, Chicago, New York, and Philadelphia had passed the million mark.
Mark Twain
He was America's most popular author, but also renowned platform lecturer. He lived from 1835 to 1910. Used "romantic" type literature with comedy to entertain his audiences. In 1873 along with the help of Charles Dudley Warner he wrote The Gilded Age. This is why the time period is called the "Gilded Age". The greatest contribution he made to American literature was the way he captured the frontier realism and humor through the dialect his characters use.
Philanthropy
when wealthy millionaires give back some of the money they have earned to benefit society. The money would be sent to benefit the libraries, the arts, and the colleges. An example of two of the most famous philanthropists would be Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller.
Women's Christian Temperance Union
organized in 1874 and the white ribbon was the symbol of purity; led by Frances E. Willlard; the league was for prohibition; 1919 the 18th Amendment was passed for national prohibition-was only a temporary solution
Chautauqua Movement
helped benefit adults in education. This movement was launched in 1874 on the shores of Lake Chautauqua, in New York. The organizers achieved success through nationwide public lectures, often held in tents and featuring well-known speakers, including Mark Twain. In addition, there were extensive Chautauqua courses of home study, for which 100,000 persons enrolled in 1892 alone. This movement contributed to the development of American faith in formal education.
Carrie Chapman Catt
She was a leader of the women's suffrage movement. She was not successful in accomplishing her goal, but she did spark a movement that would eventually lead to women's right to vote.
Settlement House
a house where immigrants came to live upon entering the U.S. At Settlement Houses, instruction was given in English and how to get a job, among other things. The first Settlement House was the Hull House, which was opened by Jane Addams in Chicago in 1889. These centers were usually run by educated middle class women. The houses became centers for reform in the women's and labor movements.
Charlotte Perkins Gilman
A major feminist prophet during the late 19th and early 20th century. She published "Women and Economics" which called on women to abandon their dependent status and contribute more to the community through the economy. She created centralized nurseries and kitchens to help get women into the work force.
Modernist
In 1859 Charles Darwin published On the Origin of Species which dealt with the idea of evolution, an idea that strictly conflicted with the literal interpretation of the Bible. This idea was called Darwinism and those who believed in it were called Modernists. They were disgraced by the church but as time went by more liberal thinkers were able to reconcile Darwinism and Christianity.
William James
a philosopher on Harvard faculty, wrote Principles of Psychology, The Will of to Believe, Varieties of Religious Experience, and Pragmatism; 1842-1910: Helped to express philosophy of the nation.
Florence Kelley
A lifelong battler for the welfare of women, children, blacks, and consumers. Served as a general secretary of the National Consumers League. Led the women of Hull House into a successful lobby in 1893 for an Illinois antisweatshop law that protected women workers and prohibited child labor. A leader in women's activism and social reform.
Social Gospel
was preached by many people in the 1880s and said that due to the social environment poor people sometimes could not help their situation. This caused some churches to get involved in helping the poor, but some disagreed and didn't think that they should be helped because it was their fault.
Charles Darwin
An English Naturalists who wrote the Origin of the Species in 1859. His theory stated that in nature the strongest of a species survive, the weaker animals died out leaving only the stronger of the species. Through this process of natural selection the entire species improved.
Mary Baker Eddy
She founded the Church of Christ(Christian Science) in 1879. Preached that the true practice of Christianity heals sickness. (No need for a doctor, if have enough faith can heal self). Wrote a widely purchased book, "Science and Health with a key to the Scriptures".
New Immigration
Between the 1850's and 1880's, more than 5 million immigrants cascaded into America from the "mother continent." Starting in the 1880's, the "new immigrants" (mainly Italians, Croats, Slovaks, Greeks, and Poles) came swarming into the USA. This influx of different nationalities caused problems at first, because they all spoke different languages and practiced different religions. They later; however, helped provide the unique cultural diversity that still exists today in the USA.
Horatio Alger
a popular writer of the Post-Civil War time period. Alger was a Puritan New Englander who wrote more than a hundred volumes of juvenile fiction during his career; the famous "rags to riches" theme.
Henry George
He was a journalist-author and an original thinker. he saw poverty at its worst in India and wrote the classic Progress and Poverty. this book in 1879 broke into the best-seller lists. he believed that the pressure of a growing population with a fixed supply of land pushed up property values.
nativism
a philosophy in which you hate immigrants and have much patriotism
Yellow Journalism
Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst were kwon as the lurid yellow press . Strong trumpeted the superiority of Anglo-Saxon civilization and summoned Americas to spread their religion and their values to the backward people. They were opposite then the View of virile Americans like Theodore Roosevelt and congressman Henry Cabot Lodge were interpreting Darwinism.
Eighteenth Amendment
In 1919 this amendment did away with all Liquor, making it illegal.

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