History test
chapter 5
Terms
undefined, object
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- confederation
- gov't structure where national gov't is weak & state gov't hold supreme power.
- Land Ordinance
- 1785- plan to survey western areas to develop new territories.
- Northwest Ordinance
- 1787- set requirements for adding new states to the US. greatest achievment of the AOC.
- Virginia Plan
- big states-called for 2 law making groups
- New Jersey Plan
- small states-called for 1 law making groups.(uni-cameral)
- Bicameral Legislature
- 2 rep.s per state/appointed upper house: senate lower: house of representatives. min. 1 rep. per state total # based on population/elected. (type of legislature used today, result of great comprimise.)
- unicameral legislature
- representation equal for all states. 1 law making group same as AOC.
- Great Comprimise
- the solution to the big states vs. small states debate. a 2 house congress to satisfiy both.
- 3/5 Compromise
- (60%) of total slave population counted in slave pop. North: NO south: YES
- federalism
- gov't structure where national & state gov't share basic power, each have there own powers, and that national gov't is always supreme.
- enumerated powers
- listed powers, go to the national gov't, found in article I of constitution.
- reserved powers
- the powers given to the state gov't. (federalists system)
- Bill of right
- group of the first 10 amendments. protected the rights of the citizens.
- amendment-(change)
- a change/addition to the constitution - process is explained in article V of the constitution.
- ratification-(approve)
- needed 9 states.
- extradition
- the action of extracting a person accused or convicted of a crime.(illegal)
- ex post facto law(after the fact)
- illegal- punishing a person for an act that was once legal when it happen and now illegal.
- bill of attainder
- prohibits the passing of any law that denies a person a trial.
- quorum
- the minimum # of member of assembly present to make the meetings valid.
- impeachment
- someone who is called into questionof interigrity or validity.
- veto
- the president has to right to refuse a law that has not been passed yet.
- treason
- crime of betraying ones country.
- warrant
- document issued by a legal or government official authorizing the police or some other body to make an arrest.
- probable cause
- a reason for a search or pressing a charge on a person. the officer has the power to search anything with a reason.
- NJ vs. TLO (1985)
- supreme court case involeing state court case vs. teenager.
- Checks and Balances
- ensure equality of branches. powers of one branch not over lapping over one.
- division of powers
- national govt and state gov't. the way it is split up. some powers are shared. states are reserved.
- separation of powers
- 3 branches of national gov't created to limit and define and limit authority. legislature, executive, and judicial.
- electoral college
- method used to choose president/Vice president. 538 total (DC gets 3) # of reps+# of senator= # of electoral votes per state. feared giving ppl too much power. bigger states have more say.
- Declaration of independence > author >3 alienable rights
- >thomas Jefferson >life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness
- Shay's Rebellion >what weaknesses of the AOC did it reveal?
- each states had equal rep. in senate. every state had debt ridden farmers. weakened AOC. no national unity and powerless national gov't.
- Democracy vs. democratic republic: explain what each is; which does america have today?
- democracy> elected reps. part of US past. Democratic republic> style of gov't in which the people rule through elected officials. US becomes a democratic republic(based on peoples consent.
- Article of Confederation > 2 signers for NJ > 2 Major problems > how was representation in congress(state power) set up? > how many states needed to approve in order to make changes? > how many branches of gov't were there, and what were they called?
- americas first written plan of gov't. >john witherspoon and nathaniel scudder. >ppl. fear a strong central gov't , ppl. value liberty gov't 1st, equality 2nd > based on consent of ppl., ppl. govern thru elected officials > 9 out of 13. >3 branches, legislative, executive, judicial
- Writing the Constitution...
- ...
- Big vs. Small states- debate, suggestions, solutions
- virginia plan(big) and new jersey plan(small) solution: GReat Comporimise- bicameral legislature >each state rep. in senate or upper house. 2 reps appointed size of pop determined rep in HOR. min of 1 rep per state/ elected.
- Federalist vs. Anti-federalists: their main argument? how was it resolved?
- ferderalist> don't change constituition, favored a balance of power. anti-federalist> list of protections for ppl, feared a strong national gov't. solution= bill of rights
- federalism- 3 features/ characteristics(see vocab.), explain
- a. system of gov't where power is divided btw national and state gov't(share powers) b. separation of powers(3 branches) c. checks and balances
- The US Constitution...
- ...
- Preamble: what are the 6 stated purposes of why "we the people...est. a constitution"?
- 1. form a more perfect union 2. est. justice 3. insure domestic tranquility 4. provide common defense. 5. promote general welfare 6. secure the blessings of liberty of ourselves and prosperity
- article I-VII- what topics are talked about in each; why are the 3 branches set up in this order?
- article I- legislative branch= all powers granted vested in congress of the US. article II- executive branch= vested in president of the US. carryout laws of land. article III- judicial= vested in supreme court and others est. article IV. relationships of states= same faith and credit for every state and congress may by laws. aricle V. amendment process 2/3 of houses to amend const. article VI. national supremacy. article VII. ratifications of 9 states shall be sufficant 4 est. b/w state fairness.
- article VI section 2- supremacy clause
- if you commit a crime the person shall on demand of excecutive authority of states be removed for having a jurisdiction for the crime.
- Article I, section 8, clause 18 "nessesary and proper" clause
- to make laws nessesary for carrying into execution the foregoing powers and all other powers vested in the US.
- Total # of amedments made to constitution
- 27
- Bill of Rights; # 1-10; what does each amedment talk about?
- 1-8 protect personal liberties 9-10 limit national gov't
- other amendments # 18, 19, and 21
- 18. prohibition. ratified 19. women sufferage. women has the right to vote. rights should not be denined by sex. 21. repeal of prohibition. bacck to 18 where it was ratified, now repealed.
- requirements and terms of office >senators >representatives >president
- rep.>minimum age: 25, state in which elected, citizenship : 7 yrs. senate.>age: 30, state in which elected, citizenship 9 yrs. president> age: 35, 14 yrs. in the US, citizenship: natural born.
- how many states had to ratify the constitution before it became a law?
- 3/4 to ratify
- how many states must approve a new amendment for it to become a law?
- 2/3 to approve
- 1st 3 states to ratify the US constitution
- delaware, pennsylvia, New Jersey
- # of electors, how determined?
- 3 electors, 2 senate+1 reps= 3
- confederation system created:
- 1. alliance of independent states 2. 2 levels of gov't share basic powers 3. limits placed on power of national gov't