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FRAwestern-12

Terms

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Tenochititlan
Aztec metropolis covering more than five square miles near modern Mexico City; originally located on two small islands in Lake Texcoco, it gradually grew; one of two Aztec capitals, its name means :stone rising in the water
Pachahuti's name
means "he who shakes the earth
Herman Cortes
Spanish soldier who conquered the Aztecs
Line of Demarcation
an imaginary line from the North Pole to the South Pole set forth in the 1494 Treaty of Tordesillas. Spain had the right to settle and trade west of the line and Portugal had teh right to settle and trade east of the line
organization of the Aztec society
emperor and classes (nobles and priests, warriors, traders, craftworkers and farmers); most people were farmers
Topa Inca
Pachacuti's son who expanded the empire
Inti
sun god of the Incas that was thought to be the parent of the Incas
Tikai
the largest Mayan city in the northern part of Guatemala
Malinche
daughter of a Mayan leader that helped Cortes as his main translater and kept an eye on Aztec spies
Quechua
the Incan language
mestizo
a person of mixed Spanish and Native American ancestry
Francisci Pizarro
a Spanish conquistador that conquered most of the Incan empire
aqueduct
a pipe or channel used to carry water from a distant source to dry areas
Cuzco
a city in Peru; capital of the Incan empire. Village in the Andes where the Incas settled.
hacienda
plantation owned by the Spanish settlers or the catholic Church in Spanish America
Christopher Columbus
explorer that landed in AMerica but thought it was the East Indies in Asia
Copan
a ruined ancient Mayan city in western Honduras
Moctezuma
Aztec ruler that surrendered to Cortes and used spies to get information on Cortes
Main features of Mayan civilization
accurate calendar, hieroglyphics and a number system
Valley of Mexico
The area in Mexico where Lake Texcoco, Tenochtitlan, and modern Mexico City are located
quipu
recorded information by Incas on knotted strings with different colors for the items and different size knots for numbers
Pachacuti
In 1438 the ruler of the Incas whi conquered the people who lived near the Pacific Ocean. He demanded loyalty from the people and if not they were forced off the land .
conquistador
16th-century conquerors working for the Spanish government who were in charge of gaining land and wealth in the Americas
encomienda
the right to demand taxes or labor from Native Americans; this right was granted to American settlers by the Spanish government
Lost city of Machu Picchu
most famous city built by Pachacuti
maize
both the plant and the kernel of corn
Treaty of Tordesillas
the 1494 treaty setting up the Line of Demarcation, giving Spain the right to settle and trade west of the line and Portugal the same rights east of the line
treaty
an agreement in writing made between two or more countries
hieroglyphics
a system of writing using signs and symbols, used by the Maya

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