WH2 UNiT 7
Terms
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- Triple Alliance/Central Powers
- This treaty was also a secret "intangling alliance between Germany, Austria Hungary & Italy
- search & destroy
- stop ships and blow them out of the water
- nationalize
- gov't takeover of private property/businesses
- General John J. Pershing
- American general head of the American expeditionary forces in Europe during WWI
- David Lloyd George
- Prime Minister of Great Britain during WWI
- Six main causes of WWI
- 1. assassination of Frans Ferdinad, 2. secret intangling alliances, 3. nationalism, 4. imperialism, 5. international rivalry, and 6. militerism
- militerism
- building up the military and armaments
- Woodrow Wilson
- US President during WWI
- triple entente/Allied Powers
- this treaty was a secret treaty "intangling France, Britain & russia into war
- Italy
- signed the triple alliance and came into the war on the side of Austria-Hungary and Germany; but it changed position during the war and fought on the side of Great Britain, France & Russia
- The hague Conferences
- urged delegates to use arbitration to settle disputes, outlawed certain weapons of warfare and drafted rules for the conduct of war.
- naval forces
- part of americas warfare; US patrolled the North Sea and effectively bottled up the German fleet
- visit and search
- stop ships and search for contraband
- League of Nations
- headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland. consisted of the secretariat, had an Assembly with each member nation having t to do
- Red cross
- Organized on an international basis
- Trench warfare
- digging deep trenches and fighting from that position
- Powder keg
- Balkan penninsula area was nicknamed this because so many conflicts broke out there
- Germany's Maritime Policy
- Germany's warning to travelers Waters around British Isles are considered a war zone
- american Expeditionary Force (AEF)
- the ___ commanded by General John J. Pershing landed in France in ealry June, 1917
- April 2, 1917
- Wilson asked Congress to declare war
- Industrial Technology
- made the world smaller
- make Germany pay
- Great Britain, France, and Italy said ____
- convoy system
- having escort ships accompany passenger/cargo ships
- Visit & Search
- Germany used the subs against ships without using the rule of ____
- Sussex, March 1916
- Germany sunk this unarmed French ship and followed with a declaration that it would sink all ships around the British Isles w/o warning
- neutral
- country declaring to officially not be at war with belligerents
- alsane Lorraine
- changes of the map of europe: ____ was returned to France
- Kaiser Wilhelm 2
- the ruler of Germany,fled to the Netherlands
- contraband
- illegal goods
- Frans Josef
- Emperor of Austria-Hungary
- Luistania, May 7, 1915
- Brittish passenger ship destroyed by Germany with loss of 1,198 lives including 128 americans; this action eventually brought the US into the war because of violation of neutral rights on the high seas
- Treaty of Brest-Litorsk - 1918
- Bolshevik Revolution in Russia - a radical communist group overthrew the Tsar; based on teachings of Karl Marx
- hospitals, ammo dumps, and storage houses
- america also built ___, ____ and ____
- yanks
- the "____" were cheered by the French
- Pandemic
- world wide outbrake of a disease such as the flu epidemic that hit after WWI that killed more ppl than were killed during the war.
- 2nd battle of the Marne
- in July of 1918 _____ turned tided against Germany with France, Britain, and US troops fighting under an allied commander, Marshal Foch
- Victoria Orlando
- Italian Premier during WWI
- America
- remained neutral and demanded to be able to trade with other nations, even belligerents
- Allied Powers
- Germany warned neutrals to avoid the areas and advised citizens of neutral countries to refrain from traveling on ships belonging to the _____
- Treaty of Versailles June 1919
- met in paris, France (actually Versailles Palace, just outside of Paris), 60 + delegrates from 27 nations, the big 4
- Germany
- declared waters surrounding Great Britain and Ireland to be "war zone" and German subs would destroy all enemy vessels
- economic sanctions
- not allowing trade to take place, boycott
- Gavrilo Princip
- Serbian nationalist who assassinated the Archduke and his wife Sophie Heir
- Atlantic
- US helped convoy merchant ships and troop transports through the submarine infested waters of the ____
- Zimmerman
- Note from German Foreign Minister to Mexico telling Mexico that if she would join the central powers during the war, then, since Germany would win, Mexico could have back Texas, California, Arizona & New Mexico
- neutral rights on the high seas
- rights of neutral nations to trade with belligerents and neutrals
- self determination
- Wilson said nationalities should have right to establish their own governments, free of foreign control.
- belligerent
- nation at war
- Attrition
- wearing down of resources
- Wilheim 2
- German Kaiser during WWI who fled to the Netherlands in 1918
- Isalaism
- staying out of other countries affairs
- Treaty of Portsmouth, 1905
- Ended Russo-Japanese war, Belligerents: Russia & Japan, fought in China, give Japan Korea, S. Sakhalin Island and right to Manchuria
- barrier
- US laid a ____ of mines that stretched across the North Sea from Norway to the Orkney Islands
- 8 new weapons of war 1st used in WWI
- U-boats, machine guns, airplanes, airships (blimps), 420mm cannon (big bertha), poison gas, long range guns, and tanks
- Reparation
- payments by loosing countries to winning countries to make up for money/land/buildings lost during a war
- latvia, Estonia, Lithuania, Finland, Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia
- created 8 independent states: ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
- Visit & Search
- As soon as the subs surfaced, they became sitting ducks so they could not use the rule of _______.
- 11:00 am, 11-11-1918
- Germany finally signed an armistice at ____
- railroads, huge docks, network of telephones and lines
- what america built in Europe.
- Archduke Frans Ferdinand
- He & his wife made a trip to Sarajevo where they were assisinated
- Drago Doctrine
- No nation should use force to collect debts unless debtor nation refused arbitration
- Machine gun
- helped make WWI the deadliest war fought up to this time
- peace w/o victory
- Wilson also said there would be a ____
- poland
- changes of the map of europe: ___ was recreated
- Britain's Maritime Policy
- She used her control of the seas to try to starve Germany into submission
- League of Nation
- organization dreamed up by US President Woodrow Wilson to try and keep wars from happening. US did not ratify the treaty of Versallilles and did not join the League of Nations. League had no authority to stop anything.
- mandate system
- region was to be administered by another country until it is ready of independence
- maritime policy
- rules a country makes regarding its navy and the waters around its country
- Nicholas 2
- Russian Tsar during WWI
- self determination
- group of people being able to determine their own goverment
- unrestricted submarine warfare
- was without warning
- Georges Clemenceau
- Premier of France during WWI
- Austria Hungary
- changes of the map of europe: Empire of _____ ended
- U-boats/Submarine Warfare
- mostly unrestricted search & destroy