Wilsonian Progressivism at Home and Abroad
Terms
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- "bull-moose"
- four footed symbol of Roosevelt's Progressive third party in 1912
- socialist
- a fourth political party, led by a former labor union leader, that garnered nearly a million voted in 1912
- triple wall of privilage
- Wilson's political philosophy of restoring democracy through trust busting and economic competition
- Federal Reserve Board
- a twelve member agency apointed by the president to eversee the banking system under a new federal law of 1913
- Federal Trade Commission
- new presidentially appointed regulatory commission designed to prevent monopoly and guard against unethical trade practices
- Clayton Act
- Wilsoian law that tried to curb business monopoly while encourage labor and agricultural organization
- Adamson Act
- Wilsonian reform law that established an either hour day for railroad workers
- Haiti
- Caribbean nation where Wilson sent American marines in 1915
- ABC powers
- term for the three Latin American nations whose mediation prevented war between the US and Mexico in 1914
- Central Powers
- World War I alliance headed by Germany and Austria-Hungary
- Allias
- the coalition of powers-led by Britain, France and Russia-that opposed Germany and its supporting nations in World War I
- U-Boat
- new underwater weapon that threatened neutral shipping and apparently violated traditional norms of international law
- Lusotamoam
- large British passenger liner whose sinking in 1915 prompted some Americans to call for war against Germany
- Susics Pledge
- Germany's highly conditional agreement in 1916 not to sink passenger and merchant vessels without warning
- California
- key electoral state where a tiny majority for Wilson tipped the balance against Hughes in 1916
- Thomas Woodrow Wilson
- Southern born intellectual who pursued strong moral goals in politics and the presidency
- Theodore Roosevelt
- energetic progressive and vigorous nationalist who waged a third part campaign in 1912 but refused to do so against in 1916
- Samuel Gompers
- Labor leader who hailed the Clayton Anti Turst act as the "Magna Carta of Labor"
- Louis D Brandeis
- leading progressive reformer and the first Jew named to the US Supreme Court
- Virgin Islands
- Caribbean territory purchased by the US from Denmark in 1917
- General Huerta
- Mexican revolutionary whose bloody regine Wilson refused to recognize and who nearly ended up fighting the US in 1914
- Venustiano Carranza
- Huerta's successor as Mexican president, who took aid from the US but strongly resisted American military intervention in Mexico
- Tampico and Vera Cruz
- port cities where clashes between Mexicans and American military forces nearly led to war in 1914
- "Pancho" Villa
- Mexican revolutionary whose assaults on American citizens and territory provoked a US expedition into Mexico
- John J Pershing
- commander of the American military expedition into Mexico in 1916-1917
- Belgium
- small European nation whose neutrality was violated by Germany in the early days of World War I
- Serbia
- small European nation in which an Austro-Hungarian heir was killed, leading to the outbreak of World War I
- Kaiser Wilhelm II
- autocratic ruler who symbolized ruthlessness and arrogance to many pro Allied Americans
- Charles Evans Hughes
- narrowly unsuccessful presidential candidate whose campaign was plagued by confussion on the issue of American policy toward Germany
- The split between Taft and Roosevelt
- allowed Wilson to win a minority victory in the election of 1912
- Wilson's presidential appeals to the public over the head of Congress
- helped push through sweeping reforms of the tariff and banking system in 1913
- the Federal Reserve Act
- finally established an effective national banking system and a flexible money supply
- Conservative justices of the Supreme Court
- nullified progressive Wilsonian measueres dealing with labor unions and child labor
- Political turmoil in Haiti and Santo Domingo
- caused Wilson to send the US marines to restore order and supervise finances
- the Mexican revolution
- created constant political instability south of the border and undermined Wilson's hopes for better US relations with Latin America
- "Pancho" Villa's raid on Columbus, New Mexico
- provoked Gernal Pershings punitive expedition into Mexico
- America's close cultural and economic ties with Britain
- cause most Americans to sympathize with the Allies rather than the Central Powers
- Germany's sinking of the Lusitania, Arbis and Sussex
- cause President Wilson and other outraged Americans to demand an end to unrestricted submarine warfare
- Wilsons apparent success in keeping America at peace through diplomacy
- enabled the Democrats to win a narrow presidential victory in the election of 1916