Geo Midterm - Tiffany
Terms
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- Food sovereignty/security
- concept that all countries will provide and sustain their needed food.
- Agrarian structure
- recently: a shift from a small-scale family owned farm economy to large farms controlled by corporations, which especially have taken over the market for staple foods.
- Hybrid variety
- technology that arose in Phase I of the Green Revolution in which companies crossbred new varieties of plants to increase productivity.
- CGIAR
- Consultive Group on International Agriculture Research; during Phase 1; focused on food security, poverty eradication, plus sustainable environment practices.
- Genetic erosion
- there are fewer crop varieties because few companies decide what is produced.
- Genetically modified organism
- insertion of certain genes into crops to achieve desired traits; "round-up ready" crops.
- Hourglass
- the concentration of power in the food system in few corporate buyers but many consumers and producers; Raj Patel.
- NAFTA
- North American Free Trade Agreement; economic union between Mexico, the US, and Canada (first to mash two wealthy countries with a significantly poorer one) to "liberate" trade between the three nations.
- Value added
- process of increasing customer value to an original crop or plant by adding features such as canning, drying, processing.
- Forest concessions
- concessional system for logging: sell rights to forests to private investors and rely on NGOs or private firms for oversight and regulation (Nigeria: oil companies buying land to pump oil).
- Biofuels
- increasing prices of oil have caused an increase in demand for biofuels, from corn or sugar cane, which in turn increases the demand for those products.