ws 21-22
Terms
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- Inca
- from valley of Cuzco; settlement around Lake Titicaca; created largest state in South America
- Mexica
- also came from northwest; settled in Tenochtitlan; built chinampas for agriculture
- Little Ice Age
- Decline of agricultural output leads to widespread famine
- Ming dynasty
- Reestablishment of Confucian educational system; Execution of minister suspected of treason, begins tradition of direct rule by Emperor; Reliance on emissaries called Mandarins; Heavy reliance on eunuchs; Sterile, could not build hereditary power base
- Vasco de Gama
- 1497 rounded Cape of Good Hope and by 1499 arrived at Calicut and returned home
- Iroquois
- settled communities east of the Mississippi River
- Quipu
- system of cords and knots used for statistics and sometimes historical records
- Rabban Sauma
- Nestorian Christian Priest sent to Pope by Mongols in Persia, 1287, regarding proposed attack on Jerusalem; Did not win European support
- Black Death
- Bubonic Plague spreads from south-west China; Carried by fleas on rodents; Mongol campaigns spread disease to Chinese Interior; made its way west through trade routes
- Sufi
- Islamic mystics; very popular and gained many converts
- Prince Henry
- embarked on an ambitious campaign to spread Christianity and increase Portuguese influence in the Atlantic
- Huitzilopochtli
- patron on the Mexica; emphasis on blood sacrifices
- Renaissance
- "rebirth" of classical culture; Italian artists use perspective; Work with real human anatomy and musculature
- Kapu
- taboo
- Fernando and Isabel
- underwrote Columbus' voyage west across the Atlantic
- Qadi
- post received by Ibn Battuta; judge in Maldive Islands
- Ibn Battuta
- Islamic scholar, worked in governments on extensive travel;
- Humanism
- focused on humanities: literature, philosophy, and history; drew from classical philosophers
- Christopher Columbus
- led voyage west across Atlantic to find a quicker way to India and east Asia
- Marae
- a cermimonial precinct or temple
- Reconquista
- the conquest of Spain and Portugal by Christians to take to land from the Muslims and Moors
- John of Montecorvino
- traveled to China in 1291; Translates Biblical texts, builds Churches
- Chinampas
- foating plots of mud drudged from the bottom of Lake Texcocco; very fertile
- Bartolomeu Dias
- 1488 sailed around the Cape of Good Hope and entered the Indian Ocean basin; forced to return home by crew
- Zheng He
- Muslim from Yunnan who led voyages throughout the Indian Ocean basin
- Melaka
- principal clearing house of trade in the eastern Indian Ocean
- Toltecs
- people who migrated to central Mexico from the northwest; created capital at Tula
- Nan Madol
- stone palace and administrative center
- Hongwu
- established the Ming dynasty after leading troops to collapse the Yuan dynasty
- Tenochtitlan
- capital of Aztecs, center of the Triple Alliance
- Marco Polo
- Travelled to China with merchant father, uncle; Enters service of Mongol Khubilai Khan; Returns to Venice after 17-year absence; Experiences recorded by fellow prisoner in Venice-Genoa conflict; Great influence on European engagement with far east
- Quetzalcoatl
- arts, crafts, and agriculture
- Pueblo
- American southwest; farmed maize; constructed permanent adobe settlements
- Cahokia Mounds
- mounds built near Cahokia, MO; used for rituals, grave sites, and other things