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Pharmacology- Intro

Terms

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Pharmacology
The systematic study of drugs; DRUG GROUPS --PROTOTYPES
Drug
Any chemical agent that affects living organism.
Pharmacokinetics
The study of the time course of absorption, distribution, and excretion of drugs
Pharmacodynamics
The study of the biochemical and physiological effects of drugs and their mechanisms of action.
Pharmacotherapeutics
The use of drugs in the prevention and treatment of disease
Pharmacy
The preparation and dispensing of drugs -- now changing to “pharmaceutical care”.
-DRUG EXPERTS TO PHYSICIANS
-PATIENT COUNSELING
Toxicology
Deals with adverse effects of drugs: Prevention, recognition and treatment of drug poisoning
John Jacob Abel (1857-1938)
Father of American Pharmacology
DRUG GROUPS
Chemical and pharmacologic classification
Adverse Reactions:
Many are dose-related and predictable; some are not predictable, (e.g., hypersensitivity reactions)--SEVERE/PECULIAR
Contraindication
is the presence of a complicating factor (e.g. co-existing disease entity; altered physiologic states; etc.) which makes the use of a particular drug dangerous or undesirable; predictable
Drug Interactions:
May be desirabl(therapeutic) or undesirable (toxic).
Drug Nomenclature
1)chemical name
2) nonproprietary name (generic)- use this whenever possible
3)proprietary name (trademark)
Most drugs provide ________ relief they do not ______
symptomatic / CURE
All drugs are potentially ________
dangerous
Risk-to-benefit ratio:
The anticipated benefit from any drug therapy must be balanced by the potential risks.
Selectivity
The ability of a drug to produce its desired effects with only minimal undesired effects
Neither be the first to use a new drug nor the last to discard the old⬝. (Goodman and Gilman).
Only a minor fraction of “new” drugs represents a significant therapeutic advance.

• The newer the drug, the LESS we know about its overall safety and usefulness.

However, Important advances in therapeutics do occur, and as future physicians, you can evaluate new drugs by applying fundamental principles learned now.

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