WWI
Terms
undefined, object
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- What is the causes of World War one?
-
the spark is the assasination of Archduke Ferdinand, but what set it up is:
1. alliances
2.arms race
3.imperialism
4.nationalism - What are the Conventions that were held which had something to do with WWI?
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#1 Hague convention
Czar of Russia holds this to try to solve disputes of country
#2 Hague convention
create rules of war
-no torturing of P.O.W.
-no involving civilians
-cant attack hospitals
Geneva Convention
certain things that wouldnt be done in war such as gas -
Germany:
moves?
objectives? -
tries to invade france, but they have to go through belgium first. belgium doesn't agree, so germany just invades belgium too. England got mad so they enter war.
objective.
they want paris. don't succeed - WEAPONS
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machine gun-killed many people
Airplane-mostly for gathering info
tanks-not very effective
submarines-bombed merchant ships
gas-later outlawed by the geniva convention -
Russia:
outcome of WWI.
government?
who took over? -
enormous losses.which forces czar to resign.
temporary government rules for 6 months.
Bolshevicks take over.
communists
got out of WWI
signed treaty w/ Germany
-gave them land
-allowed them to send troops to western front -
American Neutrality
why does it change? -
At first, this is what Wilson wanted.
eventually, their opinions turn against Germany.
because?
-submarines target merchant ships
-civilians victimized.
Lusitania(passenger ship)
-german submarine bombs it
-civilians die
-wilson tells them to stop bombing
creates:
Sussex Pledge:
-if bombs another boat, U.S. will break diplomatic relations w/ Germany
go to war.
later?
Germany breaks it because they know that U.S. will enter the war, just a matter of time.
U.S. also lends money to England and France this is an act that the American neutrality ended. - Zimmerman Telegram
-
Germany to Mexico that if they help Germany battle U.S., they will earn back some of the land that U.S. took before.
causes Wilson to go to Congress for Declaration of War
-all congress says yes except Jeanette Rankin, first women congress, against war -
What is mobilization.
what does it create. ie. programs boards. -
Mobilization-take country's resources and focus them towards winning war
Creates:
War Industries Board
headed by Bernard Baruch
-an Umbrella Agency that oversees all war Agencies
Make sures that important industries recieves all their raw materials
Labor Board
-prevents strikes
George Creel- Committee of Public information
-tries to sell the idea that American public's sacrifices are necessary
-advertises basically.
speeches, poems, psters, movies, songs, pamphlets -
Wilson
Why do people need to go to War? -
believes that there is an opportunity to create a democratic world
-wanted "peace without victory" - Esponage and Sedition Laws
- made it a crime for interferring w/ the war
-
Urban League
Shift in African American -
ads for workers to go to northern factories-created a migration to north
Urban league-
help A.A. make transition from farming to city living - How did U.S. pay for war?
- they sold bonds.
- John J. Pershing
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commander of american forces
wanted american soldiers to be led by american officers. -
What happened when U.S. arrived in war?
Alvin York -
Germans get pushed back and they surrender later
-killed 100 germans by himself WAR HERO -
Wilson's 14 Points
14 points-collective securities -
list of ideas and proposals wilson belived would end future wars.
-no secret treaties
-no tariffs
-creation of an international orginization to protect libert= if any member were attacked, the others would aid them - Treaty of Versailles
-
wilson-wanted league of nations
France-wanted protection from germany
England-wanted german arms downsized
treaty re-conciles map of europe
Conditions of Treaty to Germany:
-accept all fault for war
-required to pay 30-50 billion to U.S. England, France
-land taken away and gave it to other countries
-German military abolished
Effects for Germany
-Ruins german economy for a decade
-gives germany a reason for revenge -
Henry Cabot Lodge?
Wilson's mistake?
What made congress against treaty -
chairman of U.S. senate foreign relations committee got mad at wilson
1. broke dem. and rep. alliance w/ "october appeal"
2.didnt consult any reps when went to treaty.
took war making power away from congres b/c i tsent U.S. soldiers into battles w/other countries - 2 results of Senate not signing treaty
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1) league of nations very ineffective
2) U.S. rejects opporutnity to become a world leader.