civ 102 test 3
Terms
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- Austria-Hungary
- "dual monarchy", union of the countries
- Alexander III
- Russian czar, reestablishes absolutism
- Nicholas II
- successor of Alexander III, last czar
- Russo-Japanses War
- conflict over Manchuria, Russia loses
- Revolution of 1905
- attempted revolution of Russia
- Duma
- legislative body in Russia
- October Manifesto
- agreement to reduce czars powers and give citizens rights
- Lenin
- native russian, creates Communism in russia, head of Bolsheviks
- Bolsheviks
- group of Communist, believed in total monarchy
- Balkans
- southeastern europe
- Eastern Question
- what to do with eastern europe (the balkans)
- Crimean War
- Brittain and France against Russia
- Battle of Sevastopol
- most important battle of Crimean War
- Nightingale
- first "nurse" during Crimean War
- Triple Alliance
- Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy
- Triple Entente
- France, Russia, Brittain
- Moroccan Crises
- crisis between france and germany over morocco
- West Africa-Slavery
- slave trade banned in 1800s
- Liberia
- african country founded by returned slaves
- East Africa-Slavery
- slaves sent to Asia
- Mfecane
- "scattering", expansion of african societies, causes military creation of tribes
- Zulu
- Bantu group, strong military
- Shaka-Zulu
- leader, military genious, assassinated
- Moshoeshoe
- leader of Baskotho tribe, political leader/negotiator
- David Livingston
- missionary from europe in africa, explored the interior of africa
- Henry Stanley
- journalist, sent to search for Livingston
- Leopold II
- king of belgium, founded IAA
- International African Association
- founded to help africans, creates belgium govt. in Congo Valley
- Congo Freestate
- free country of Congo, first European imperialism in africa
- Cape Colony
- South Africa
- Cecil Rhodes
- governor of cape colony, started boer war
- Ethiopia
- independant from africa, attacked by italy
- Aduwa
- Ethiopia defeated italy
- Serbia
- became independant from Ottoman in 1830
- Greece
- became independant from ottoman in 1831
- Barbary States
- Libya, local area in africa of pirates
- Algeria
- state in africa, part of france but not ruled by it
- Muhammed Ali
- founded modern Egypt, pasha
- Suez Canal
- egypt from Mediterranian to Red Sea, European posession
- Tripoli
- Libya, taken by italy
- Abduhulhamid II
- sultan of ottoman empire, overthrown
- Young Turks
- concluded ottoman empire be modernized, comes to rule ottoman
- Persia
- iran, heavy religious influence
- shah
- monarch of Iran
- Shi'ites
- smaller ethnic group
- ulama
- islamic religious leaders
- British East India Co.
- company governing india
- suttee
- when a man died, wife would die with him
- Sepoy Rebellion
- Sepoys (indian soldiers in brittish army) rebel because of gunpowder cartridges
- Indian National Congress
- group of individuals that wanted to create india as a nation
- Indochina
- french colonies (loas, cambodia, vietnam)
- East Indies
- Dutch colonies (indonisia)
- Taft
- US president, ambassador of phillipeans
- Phillipeans
- spanish colony, inter US
- Manchus
- ruling family of china
- opium wars
- china outlaws opium and causes indian and brittish uprising
- Treaty of Nanjing
- after the first drug war, china forced to open trade and surrender hong kong
- Hong Kong
- brittish owned port
- Taiping Rebellion
- "heavenly kingdome", large religious/lower class uprising fails
- Hong Xiuquan
- claimed to be second son of God, led rebellion
- Cixi (old buddah)
- mother of emporer, indirect ruler of china, against change
- spheres of influence
- areas of china other countries controlled
- Boxer Rebellion
- "fists of God", attempted to kick foreigners outa china
- open door
- policy, US stated no country should control China
- Matthew Perry
- sent to Japan to open doors to foreigners
- shogun
- Japanese ruler
- Meiji Restoration
- "enlighten", modernization of japan
- Shinto
- "way of the gods", leading Japanses religion
- Balkan Wars
- Serbia, Belgium, Greece attack ottoman... sparks WWI
- Sarajevo
- area near bosnia
- Bosnia
- second on serbias hit list
- Francis Ferdanand
- assassinated by serbian in sarajevo
- Gavrito Princep
- teenager that assassinated Prince Ferdenand
- Wilhelm II (Willy)
- chancelor of germany, supports austia-hungary
- Nichola II (Nicky)
- aided Serbia (russia), gained help of france
- Schlieffen Plan
- preparation to fight russia and france simultaneaously
- Tannenberg
- small german town, germany defeated russia
- von Hindenberg
- leader of germans at tannenberg
- Verdun
- city in northern france, battle in 1916, germany attacked france
- Sommer
- river in northern france, battle in 1916, france attacked germany
- Treaty of Brest-Levosk
- russia concedes to germany
- Lusitania
- british freighter ship sunk by germans
- Wilson
- president of US during WWI
- Paris Peace Conference
- ended WWI
- George and Clemenceau
- french ambassadors
- Fourteen Points Plan
- "A peace without victory", proposed people decide boundries, proposed league of nations
- Treaty of Versailles
- gave Germany responcibility for the war
- reparations
- war payments
- League of Nations
- controlling league of the world
- Weimar Republic
- govt in germany, attempt at democracy
- Ruhr
- most important industrial part of germany, taken by france
- inflation
- rise in prices
- Dawes Plan
- reduced german reparations, created debt circle
- Great Depression
- black thursday, 1929
- Labour Party
- brittish socialist party
- MacDonald
- founder and leader of labour party
- Irish Free State
- catholic ireland becomes a dominion
- Popular Front
- alliance of parties in france, socialists opposed war
- Blum
- leader of popular front
- isolationism
- belief US did better not being involved in world affairs
- Harding
- president, corrupt cabinet, dies in office
- Coolidge
- becomes president after death of Harding
- Hoover
- elected after Coolidge, president during depression
- Franklin Roosevelt
- creates "new deal" to solve problems
- New Deal
- plan to stop US depression
- Madero
- first elected president since Juarez, thrown out of office and killed
- Huerta
- killed Madero, became dictator of Mexico
- Villa
- raids US, evades
- Carranza
- pulls out of Mexico/US contraversy
- PRI
- the single party in Mexico
- Stravinsky
- Russian composer, founder of Modern music
- Gershwin
- american composer, created jazz
- Dali
- surreal painter
- Picasso
- abstract painter
- Rodin
- sculptur "the thinker"
- Wright
- architect "falling water"
- Planck
- german physicist, created quantum theory
- Quantom theory
- subatomic theory
- Einstein
- german physicist, created the relative theory
- E=MC2
- mass and energy are the same
- Parlor
- russian physicist, tested with dogs
- Freud
- austrian psychologist, put an emphasis on the unconcious and mental illness
- Kafka
- german writer, "the trial", focuses on individuals in irrational situations
- Black Shirts
- group that supports Mussolini, WWI veterans, financed by industrialists
- corporate state
- govt. doesnt directly control business, but is a "partner"
- Il Duece
- "leader", nickname of Mussolini
- Aguste Compte
- created positivism
- positivism
- people can be altered by applying scientific standards
- sociology
- study of society
- Social Darwinism
- apply adaptation and survival of the fittenst to humans
- white supremacy
- white race is supreme over others
- Joseph-Arthur de Gobineau
- a "super race" existed within the supremecy (the Aryan race)
- Chamberlain
- american, described aryan race in detail
- zionism
- land of jewish majority
- Herzl
- austrian jew, journalist, believed jews should found a jewish state
- Adolf Hitler
- austrian immigrant to germany
- National Socialism
- party of nationalism and socialism
- Nazi
- abbreviation of National Socialists
- Mein Kampf
- "my struggle", by hitler
- Slavs
- people destined to be servants of supreme (poland, russia)
- Der Fuhrer
- "the leader", hitler's nickname
- Rasputin
- russian monk, dominant influence on russian royalty, spiritual healer, killed
- Kerensky
- led first russian revolution
- Trotsky
- second in command to Lenin
- Red-White civil War
- russian civil war, communists vs. anticommunists
- Soviet Union
- union of peoples councils
- USSR
- group of countries united with russia involved with communism
- Politiburo
- policy making body of the communist party
- "War communism"
- govt. becomes very agressive
- NEP
- new economic policy, comprised of money
- kulaks
- russian farmers who worked for profit, later purged by Stalin
- Comintern
- communist international, agency to cause revolutions through the world to spread communism
- Stalin
- Bolshevik, "man of steel", becomes chairman of communist party, comes to rule USSR, cruel
- Five Year Plan
- plan to make russia an industrial power and restore pure communism
- purges
- govt. gets rid of opponents
- Mussolini
- founder/leader of fascists in italy
- fascists
- italians move for national unity
- Third Reich
- "third empire"
- Goebbels
- master propagandist, elected to industry of truth
- Nuremburg Laws
- defined jews as a race
- Kristallnact
- "night of broken glass", raids targeted at jewish stores
- Hamaguchi
- japanese prime minister, moves for economic growth, assassinated
- Sun Yat-sen
- modernized china, becomes first president of china
- Kuomintang
- chinese nationalist party
- Ching Kai-shek
- successor of Yat-sen as president, against Zedong in war
- New Culture Movement
- created by Mao Zedong, communist movement
- "Long March"
- chinese communist march
- Mohandas Gandhi
- became leader of national congress, overcomes religious barriers, "I would be Christian, but for Christians"
- Amritstar Massacre
- brittish massacred indian protestors
- Jawaharlal Nehru
- Ghandi's political organizer
- Muslin League
- led by Ali Jinnah, wanted religious guarantees or a divided india
- mandate
- right to govern
- Arab Revolt
- arab revolt against ottomans
- Sharif Hussein
- arab leader made deal with brittain for an arab country
- Transjordan
- ruled by Abdullah, Hussein's son
- Iraq
- ruled by Faisal, Husserin's second son
- Zionist Movement
- movement for a jewish country (palestine)
- Balfour Declaration
- brittish supports zionist movement
- Kemal Ataturk
- dictator of Turkey, turns turkish cultures to the west
- Arabia
- becomes independant after WWI, ruled by Sa'uds
- Wahabi
- conservative muslims
- Leopold
- belgium ruler, controlled the congo area
- tribalism
- basic governing concept of tribes
- Brittish Model
- "indirect" tried to rule through a previously established native leader
- French Model
- "direct" directly ruled with french officials, established education
- Portugese Model
- ruled "Angola", used assimilation
- assimilation
- "bring together"
- Kenya and Rhodesia
- under Brittish control, brittish encouraged to settle there
- animism
- belief in small scale gods in nature
- African National Congress
- unify africa
- Dubois
- afro-american, headed pan-africanism, civil rights leader
- Pan-africanism
- people of african ancestry have strong connections reguardless of location
- Haile Selossie
- ruler of ethiopia, stops attack by italy
- Nkirumah
- from Ghana, "pilot program", comited to democracy
- Kenyatta
- from Kenya, political leader, Mau Mau leader
- Mau Mau
- society of Kenya freedom fighters