JMC Test
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- What are the elements in the Communication Process?
- Source, Message, Channel, and receiver
- Define the two different types of noise
- semantic and channel(mechanical and environmental)
- Define the three points of Klapper
- selective attention, selective perception, and selective retention
- What is S-R-R?
- Stimulus, Response, and Reinforcement
- What is Leon Festinger associated with?
- cognitive dissonance
- Name two different types of mass communication dealing with the internet
- E-mail, chatrooms
- What is "mass communication"?
- a message delivered to mass audiences with usually no immediate feedback.
- Name the breakdown of mass communication (5 points)
- produced by complex and formal organizations, have multiple gatekeepers, need a great deal of money to operate, exist to make a profit, and are highly competitive.
- Define "gatekeepers"
- someone or something that controls distribution of information
- Know what Segmentation and Fractionalization mean
- S-audience broken, F-different channels
- Name the three main functions of mass communication
- to inform, to entertain, and economic conductor (advertising)
- Define Surveillance and the other three estates
- Surveillance: watch dog function, 4th estate. 3 Branches of Gov. the other three estates
- Define parasocial relationships (soaps)
- where characters become real to you.
- Name two dysfunctions of mass communications
- (lower)reading, (not enough) physical excercise
- Name the first great legal document
- Code of Hammurabi, Sumeria, 2000 BC
- What did Johann Gutenberg do?
- Invent the printing press with moveable metal type, responsible for much social change
- Name the two key communication inventions of the Age of Invention and Discovery
- telegraph and telephone
- What did Samuel F. B. Morse invent?
- the telegraph
- What did Alexander Graham Bell invent?
- the telephone
- What did Joseph Niepce and Louis Daguerre do?
- first came up with method to retain image (early photography)
- What did George Eastman's Kodak company do?
- first to use flexible celleuloid film.
- Who was Mathew Brady?
- famous Civil War photographer
- Who was Margaret Bourke-White?
- first nationally known photojournalist
- what is vaudeville?
- travelling live entertainment
- what is WSM?
- clear channel, "Grand O'l Opry"
- What does "PDA" stand for?
- Personal digital assistants (mobile parenting)
- Who was William Caxton?
- associated with first press in England
- What are the three philosophies of the role of the press?
- Authoritarian, Libertarian, Social Responsibility
- What did Adam Smith and John Milton believe?
- free and open marketplace.
- What did Justice William Blackstone define freedom of the press as?
- no prior restraint
- When did Oliver Wendell Holmes say that "no prior restraint" could be violated?
- when there is clear and present danger
- What did the Court of Star Chamber do?
- cruel punishment for printers who did not have liscence from gov. to print. If accused, thats it. No defense.
- What was the John Peter Trial for, and who was the lawyer?
- truth as a defense for libel, and Andrew Hamilton
- Who was Benjamin Harris?
- first American newspaper in Boston, Public Occurances
- Who was John Campbell?
- First regular weekly newspaper, Boston News Letter
- Who was James Franklin?
- first colonial paper printed in defiance of authority, The New England Courant
- What did Mary Katherine Goddard do?
- printed copies of the Declaration of Independence
- Name the two types of Colonial papers
- mercantile and political
- Define Federalist (name and one thing)
- Alexander Hamilton, strong central gov,
- Define Republican (name and two things)
- Thomas Jefferson, strong states rights, libertarian
- What did the Alien and Sedition Acts do?
- made it illegal to falsely criticize the government
- The First publishers of the United States were primarily what?
- printers, not editors
- What was the first Indian Newspaper?
- the Cherokee Phoenix, both in English and Cherokee
- Who was involved with Andrew Jackson's "kitchen cabinet"?
- Amos Kendall and Francis Blair
- What did the Penny Press do?
- changed the economic basis of producing newspapers
- What did Benjamin Day do?
- editor of the New York Sun, first to have color and first to sell for a penny
- What did James Gordon Bennett do?
- known for "scoops"
- What is Horace Greely known for?
- first to have an editorial page
- Who was Margaret Fuller?
- first woman foreign correspondent
- Who were Henry Raymond and later Adolph Ochs known for?
- the New York Times, old gray lady, the newspaper of record
- What is Pulitzer known for?
- New York World
- What is William Randolph Hearst known for?
- New York Journal, used sensationalism. Battle with Pulitzer
- Yellow Journalism?
- from yellow kid cartoon, anything to sell papers and sensationalism
- tabloid design?
- front page looks like magazine cover, back page is lead page of sports section
- Impact of USA Today?
- Largest circulation, use of factoid
- What is Underground Press?
- started for a cause. ex. Rolling Stone
- What does TMC mean?
- total market coverage
- what is a shopper?
- free circulation paper
- what did tax laws do?
- decline in family ownership and rise in chain ownership largest is Gannett Company
- What are the three main departments of a newspaper?
- business, production, and news-editorial
- what are the three types of circulation?
- single copy sales, home delivery, mail
- What is a news hole?
- space left over
- what is pagination? What does it do?
- designing paper on a computer screen, eliminates pasting
- what does SAU stand for?
- Standard Advertising Unit
- How big is a pica?
- 6 to an inch
- how big is a point?
- 72 to an inch
- what is a jump?
- continued part of a story
- what is broadsheet?
- larger type of newspaper layout
- what is the masthead?
- block in first 4-6 pages says who is publisher, how it is mailed
- what is the folio?
- name, page number, and date
- what is the nameplate?
- tells name of the paper
- what is letterpress?
- oldest printing process, presses letters to paper "hot lead"
- what is offset lithography?
- second type of printing process, most used
- what is gravure?
- fine printing process