social studies 6-7
Terms
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- civilians serving as soldiers
- militia
- document which benjamin franklin helped to write, called for all colonies except georgia to unite
- albany plan of union
- killed injured or captured soliders
- casualties
- sent by king george 2 to command british forces in north america, knew little about the frontier which led to disaster when he decided to attack Fort Duquesne in 1755
- Edward Braddock
- stated that the war had spred trouble in the four parts of the world. the two sides wanted peace. britain gained canada, all french lands east of the mississippi river except new orleans, and florida.
- treaty of paris 1763
- thinly populated frontier area between teh coastal settlements and the Appalachian Mountains
- backcountry
- first europeans to settle the frontier
- pioneers
- American Indians attacked British forces on the frontier because the British wanted to build settlements on American Indian land.
- Pontiac's Rebellion
- banned the British from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains. created a border between colonial and American Indian lands. ordered colonists in the upper Ohio River valley to remove themselves from such settlements.
- Proclamation of 1763
- asked Parliament to tax teh colonists to pay for the army Britain supplied the colonists with
- George Grenville
- replaced the molasses act, aimed specifically at raising revenues from teh colonies
- Sugar Act
- placed duties on imported glass, lead, paint, paper, and tea to make it easier for tax collectors to get writs of assistance
- Townshend Acts
- kept in place duties on imported tea and allowed the British East India Company to export directly to the colonies
- Tea Act
-
punished colonists for the Boston Tea Party.
-closed Boston Harbor, cancled Massachusetts charter, moved trials of colonial officials to Britian allowed quartering of British troops in all colonies, and gave Canada control of the Ohio region - Intolerable Acts
- lawyer from Boston, one of the first colonists to protest taxation by Parliament
- James Otis
- leader of a town meeting where they believed that parliament could not tax the colonists without their consent and said that agreeing to the tax would be dangerous
- Samuel Adams
- groups that contacted other towns and colonies, shared ideas and information about the new British laws and ways to challenge them.
- Committees of Correspondence
- secret societies that sometimes used violence to frighten tax collectors
- Sons of Liberty
- presented a series of resolutions to the House of Burgesses in Virginia. stated that the Stamp Act violated the rights of the colonists as British citizens.
- Patrick Henry
- end the act
- repeal
- congress had 56 colonial delgates with georgia being the only colony that did not send representatives. debated the best way to respond to the crisis taking place in Boston. they recommended that the colonists continue to boycott British goods but also w
- First Continental Congress
- militia memebers that would be ready to fight on a minute's notice
- minutemen
- British general who took away the minutemen's weapons and ammunition and stored them in Concord, a town 20 miles west of Boston
- Thomas Gage
- leaders of the congress had to decide to react to the fighting, created an army and chose George Washington to command it
- Second Continental Congress
- the colonies' army
- Continental Army
- leader of the Continental Army
- George Washington
- petition where congress tried one more time to make peace with the British, named it because its a symbol of peace
- Olive Brance Petition
- a situation in which soldiers surround a city or fort
- siege
- battle that took place on Breed's Hill, colonists had little ammunition and were told not to shoot unless you see the whites of they're eyes, showed the colonists that they could hold their own against the British
- Battle of Bunker Hill
- author of Common sense, used plain language which allowed him to reach a wider audience. arugued for breaking away from Great Britian
- Thomas Paine
- authors of the Declaration of Independence
- John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, Robert Livingston, and Roger Sherman
-
document that expressed 3 main ideas
-all men posess unalienable rights
-King George 3 had violated the colonists rights
-the colonists had a right to break away from Great Britain - Declaration of Independence
- people who remained loyal to Great Britain
- loyalists
- colonists who fought for independence
- Patriots
- protected the rights of women in the Declaration of Independence
- Abigail Adams
- colonists disguised as American Indians snuck onto three tea filled ships and dumped the chests into the Boston Harbor
- Boston Tea Party
- owner of the Liberty ship
- John Hancock
- defended the soldiers in the Boston Massacre when they were charged with murder
- Josiah Quincy and John Adams
- officer of the soldiers in the Boston Massacre
- Thomas Preston
- when a British soldier standing guard got into a fight with a colonist. a crowed gathered and threw snowballs and shourted insults at the guard. the mob grew louder and then suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd killing several colonists.
- Boston Massacre
- information giving only one side in an argument designed to influence public opinion
- Propoganda
- same as the sons of liberty but with women
- Daughters of Liberty
- special forms that allowed tax collectors to search for smuggled goods
- writs of assistance
- hired foreign soldiers
- mercenaries
- promised freedom to any slave who fought for the British
- Lord Dunmore's Proclamation
- Great Britain's key allies. Mohawk leader, also known as James Brant. pursuaded many of the Iroquies to support the British
- Thayendanegea
- brought water to thirsty Patriot troops
- Molly Pitcher
- British general who drove the Continental Army off of Long Island.
- William Howe
- attacked the British by surprise on Christmas night
- Battle of Trenton
- another surprise attack victory for the Patriots
- Battle of Trenton
- led the effort for the British to recapture fort ticonderoga, would meet General Howe's troops at Albany New York
- John Burgoyne
- greatest win for the American forces, boosted morale and increased foriegn supporters for the Patriots
- Battle of Saratoga
- governor of Spanish Louisiana, key ally to the Patriots
- Bernardo de Galvez
- indivdual foreigner that fought for the Patriots. wounded his leg in the Battle of Brandywine Creek but still aided the patriots even giving them 200 000 dollars
- Marquis de Lafayette
- veteran Prussian army officer. taught the american soldiers basic military skills.
- Friedrich von Steuben
- one of the most successful American Captains, french gave him a small fleet which he named Bonhomme Richard after Benjamin Franklin's Poor Richard's Almanack
- John Paul Jones
- spent years exploring an mapping the frontier and had a plan for capturing some small forts and Indian villages, his goal was to build and army while weakening the British.
- George Rogers Clark
- led a poorly planed attack to drive the British out
- Horatio Gates
- swift hit and run attacks
- guerrila warfare
- good at guerrilla warefare. organized marion's brigade, a group of guerilla soldiers that used surprise attacks to destroy British communications and supply lines.
- Francis Marion
- french general that planned strategy with George Washington
- Comte de Rochambeau
- patriots captured the largest British Army in America, last major battle in the revolutionary war
- battle of Yorktown
- Great Britain recognized the independent United States, set up borders
- Treaty of Paris 1783