Hlth 431 2nd Exam
Terms
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- dioxin
- sub causing chloracne
- lead
- sub causing anemia
- DNA
- what is the hereditary material sometimes referred to as the "master molecule"?
- inhalation, skin absorption
- route of entry of inorganic mercury
- mutation
- any change in the genetic make-up of a cell
- chlorinated hydrocarbons
- which group of synthetic orgnic insecticides has caused serious environmental problems because of their tendency to concentrate through biomagnification?
- DES
- What teratogenic drug, taken to prevent miscarriage, caused serious helath problems what weren't manifested until victims exposed in utero reached young adulthood?
- FDA
- What gaency of the federal government regulateds food additives and contaminants
- declining
- Currenly, what is the situation in the US regarding the incidience rate of cancer in general?
- fatty tissues
- Where in the body does dioxin accumulate?
- ingestion
- route of entry of methyl mercury
- animal testing
- in assessing health risk, how do investigaotrs typically detrmine whether or not hte substance in question poses a threat to humans?
- 2-9
- During which weeks of fetal development is vulnerability to teratogenic agents greatest
- anti-coagulents
- What type of chemical rodenticides are available to the general public
- Norovirus
- What is the most frequent cause for outbreaks of viral foodborne diseases?
- black-legged tick
- Cause of lyme disease
- T
- PCB's are very useful synthetic organic chemicals that have been used in a wide range of industrial products
- mosquito
- cause of malaria
- chromsome abnormality
- gross structural changes in a chromosome usually caused by loss, addition, or reversal of chromsome parts
- Silent Spring
- What book by Rachel Carson first alerted the general public to the problems posed by pesticides?
- lycopene
- name an anti-carcinogen found in certain foods
- latency period
- the time between the initial exposure of a cell to acancer-causing substance and the subsequent development of a malignancy
- 46
- What is the normal human chromosome number?
- arsenic compounds
- What were the major insecticides used in the US until the end of WWII
- phocomelia
- What type of irth defect was caused by prenatal exposure to thalidomide?
- Tobacco
- Whath single carcinogenic agent is responsible for over 30% of all US cancer deaths
- mosquito
- cause of dengue fever
- alcohol
- Give an example of a substance that can act as a mutagen, a teratogen, and a carcinogen
- mesothelioma
- Whath ailment is considered a "marker disease" for asbestos?
- carcinogen
- a substance that can cause cancer
- down's syndrome
- Name a human ailment caused by the presence of one additional chromsome per cell
- West Nile Virus
- What recently introduced mosquito-borne disease has spread across the US, causing numerous fatalities
- gene
- sectoin along a chromosome, consisting of approximately 1500 base pairs, responsible for the production of a particular protein
- mosquito
- cause of encephalitis
- feces
- contamination with what substance ha benn identified as the source of E. Coli 0157:H7
- mercury
- sub causing minamata disease
- housefly
- cause of typhoid fever
- T
- In spite of the fact that PCBs were developed strictly for industrial use, they have become very widespread throughout the natural environment
- adulterants
- inferior and cheaper materials added to supposedly pure food products to stretch supplies and increase profit
- mercury
- sub causing fetal brain damage
- LD50
- what is the term used to describe the actue toxicity of a chemical
- lead paint
- what is the singel most freqnet cause of childhood lead poisoning?
- S. Aureus
- For what bacterial foodborne disease do symptoms appear most rapidly after eating the contaminated food?
- Aflatoxins & hepatitis B
- Give an example of a synergistic relationship regarding cancer risk
- Yes
- is there a threshold level for exposure to a teratogenic agent
- DNA
- What substance has the functions of passing genetic info and giving instruction for protein synthesis
- mercury
- sub causing Mad Hatters' Disease
- tumor-suppressor genes
- genes that act to halt uncontrolled multiplication of cells
- T
- Dioxin is a very stable chemical, persisting in soils for many years after desposition
- inhalation, ingestion
- route of entry of asbestos
- asian tiger mosquito
- what exotic pest entered the Us in shipments of old tire casings and subsequently spread throuout learge areas of the country?
- lead
- sub causing learning disabilities
- threshold
- on a dose-response curve, what is the term used to indicate the point at which the prviously horizontal line begins to curve upward?
- T
- Asbestosis develops only after years of exposure ot hihg concentrations os asbestos fibers
- asbestos
- In modern times, which of the toxic substances has been responsible for the largest incidience of deaths and disabling diseases
- T
- The 1986 asbestos hazard emergency response act not only requires schools to inspect for the presence of asbestos but also to carry out an abatement plan if asbestos-containing materials are found
- lung & bronchus
- What type of cancer kills the most people each year?
- ingestion
- route of entry of dioxin
- housefly
- cause of dysentery
- no threshold
- for purposes of regulation, what assumption regarding carincogens currently prevails for assessing cancer risk?
- housefly
- cause of cholera
- T
- Mercury is an exmaple of a toxic substance that bioaccumulates as it moves up the food chain
- asbestos
- Sub causing lung cancer
- 2,4,5-T
- What constituent of Agent Orange is blamed for the alleged health damage associated with its use?
- body lice
- cause of typhus fever
- inhalation, ingestion, skin absorption
- route of entry of PCBs
- organogenesis
- Why is this particular period of fetal development most critical?
- Agent orange
- What was the name of the chemical defoliant used by the US military during the Vietnam War
- mites
- cause of scabies
- tomato
- Givie an example ofa food containing lycopene
- Rubella
- Name an infectios disease against which all women should be immunized prior to reaching childbearing age
- paralytic shellfish poisoning
- shellfish sanitation and inspection programs are rigoursly implemented by the federal government to forestall outbreaks of _______________
- waste incinerators
- what consitutes the largest source of dioxin entering the environment at present
- Pap smear test
- Why have mortality rates for uterine cancer declined drastically in recent decades
- poultry
- What food is the leading cause of Campylobactor food poisoning
- F
- inorganix forms of mercury are more toxic to humans than are organix mercury compounds such as methyl mercury
- tumor suppressor gene P53
- More than half of all human cancers studied have been shown to contain a mutant form of what gene?
- body wall
- What is the route of entry of a contact poison
- exposure assessments
- what is the least relaiable and most problematic step in the risk assessment process?
- Scombroid poisoning
- Consumption of tuna fish that aren't properly chilled after catching my result in a type of food poisoning called ___________
- F
- lead that is inhaled poses less risk to adults that does lead that is ingested
- oncogenes
- mutant genes that cause cells to divide endlessly when they should not
- 2,4 - D
- Give an example of a selective herbicide
- diabetes
- name a human disease caused by a single point mutation
- contaminants
- substances accidentally incorporated into foods which are assumed harmless until proven otherwise
- T
- lead-base housepaint is still causing lead-poisoning cases among childen
- promoting agent
- substance that, after prolonged contact, can cause a cellw hich was previosuly exposed to acancer-causing agent to commence malignant growth
- lead-poisoning
- what is regarded as the most important environmental health problem affectin american children?
- DDT
- For what accomplishment did Paul Muller win the 1948 Nobe Prize in physiology and medicine?
- biomagnification
- What is the term used to describe the process bywhich toxic substances that are present in only minute amounts in the genral environment beomce more and more conenctrated as they more up the food chain?
- PCB
- sub causing disruption of hormonal system
- rat flea
- cause of bubonic plague
- Safrole
- Name a food subsance that has been taken off the list of approved food additives
- mutagen
- a substance that can induce a mutation
- F
- lung damage, especially lung cancer, is the major problem experienced by those who inhale mercury vapors
- mosquito
- cause of yellow fever
- 560,000
- How many deaths in the US today are caused by some form of cancer?
- folic acid
- neuaral tube defects could largely be prevented if pregnant women receive adequate amounts of what dietary supplement
- point mutation
- mutation at the molecular level within a gene
- uncontrolled cell proliferation
- what common characteristic is shared by the various diseases collectively called 'cancer'?
- T
- The food most directly associated with increasing human body levels of PCBs is freshwater fish
- asbestosis & lung cancer
- cirgarette somking significantly enhances the risk of which two asbestosi-related diseases?
- proto-oncogenes
- genes that give instructions for cells to begin dividing
- chronic
- A chemical that can damage halth when exposure is repeated low doses occurs over an extended time period can be said to exhibit ______ toxicity
- T
- Ingesting asbestos with drinking water, as opposed to inhaliing asbestos fibers, does not appear to increase the risk of asbestos-reated disease
- F
- the most common adverse health effect associated with PCB exposure is liver cancer
- T
- The recommended method for disposal fo asbestos wastes following an abatement project is burial in a sanitary landfill
- F
- mesothelioma is currently the leading cause of asbestos-related death in the US
- contaminant
- Food Defect Action Levels have been set by the federal government to regulate what kind of food quality problem?
- aflatoxin
- name a naturally occurring carcinogen found in certain foods
- T
- elevated levels of PCB have been found in farmed salmon due to contamination of their feed with this toxic substance
- Growth hormone
- What controversial food product is the subject of an acrimonious food safety debate between the US and the EU
- non-polyposic colon cancer
- Name a kind of cancer for which a genetic predispotition has been established
- lead
- sub causing gout
- helminth infections
- what type of food quality problem has become increasingly common among lovers of sushi and ceviche
- inhalation, ingestion
- route of entry of lead
- F
- Encapsulation is the most commonly chosen asbestos abatement option
- DEET
- Name a mosquite repellent advocated by EPA as both safe and effective for people of all ages
- mosquito
- cause of West Nile Virus
- water hemlock
- What plant is responsible for more fatal poinsoning due to misidentification than any other speciies?
- rice
- Give an example of a food sometimes contaminated with aflatoxin
- F
- Dioxin's repuatoin as an extrememly toxic chemical is due to the fact that hamsters are quikcly killed by very minute doses of TCDD
- initiation
- an irreversible change in the genetic material caused by a brief interaction with a cancer-causing substance
- PCB
- The 1976 Toxic Substance Control Act specifically banned the production and use of what substance?
- dioxin
- The Times Beac, Missouri, evacuation was motivated by EPA concerns about the presence there of what toxic chemical
- arthritis
- What chronic health problem may result as a consequence of asalmonellosias infection
- T
- occupational exposure to mercury fumes is widespread among dentists and dental hygienists
- fish
- Ciquatoxin is a poison found in ________--
- brown recluse
- name a spider that leaves a large, ugly scar
- additives
- substances added to food to modify its taste, color, texure, nutritive value, appearance, resistance to deterioration, etc.
- Carcinogenic ingredients
- What does the Delaney Clause prohibit?
- F
- When taken into living org's, pcb accumulate in the bones
- teratogen
- substance that cuases birth defects
- organophosphates
- which group of contact poisons is most acutely toxic to the applicator and hence is the cause of most human pesticide poisonings?
- F
- TCDD (dioxin) has been manufactured for use in hundreds of valuable commerical products
- foodborne disease
- food poisoning
- F
- Even at very low levels of exposure, dioscin has been shown to cause both liver cancer and severe birth defects in humans
- T
- only friable asbestos presents serious health concerns in public buildings
- T
- There is no convincing evidence that PCBs cause any chronic health problems in humans
- asthma
- What serious health problem often affects children living in cockroach infested residences
- asbestos
- sub causing mesothelioma
- round-up
- give an example of a nonselective herbicide
- chelation
- What painful treatment method is prescribed for severe lead-poisoning cases