Microbiology Exam 4

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Diseases that can be transmitted from one person to another are termed: communicable
The fraction of a population who die from a specific disease is called: mortality rate
Diseases constantly present in a population are called: endemic
An epidemic that spreads worldwide is called a(n): pandemic
A cluster of cases in a specific population occurring in a brief period of time is called a(n): outbreak
Apparently healthy people who may transmit a pathogen they harbor are called: carriers
A dramatic increase in the incidence of a specific disease in a given population is referred to as a(n): epidemic
Diseases that primarily exist in animals, but may be transmitted to humans are called: zoonotic
The single most important measure to prevent the spread of disease is: hand washing
Inanimater objects capable of transferring infectious disease agents are: fomites
The amount of infecting agent received by susceptible individuals is called the: dose
The period of time betweeen exposure to an agent and the onset of disease signs and symptoms is called the: incubation period
The immunity of some black Africans to malaria is probably due to their: genetic background
An infection acquired during hospitalization is referred to as: nosocomial
The member of the hospital staff who surveys the types and numbers of nosocomial infections is called the: infection control practitioner
The guidelines used to minimize patient-to-personnel transfer of blood borne diseases are called: Universal Precautions
True or False Generally the smaller the infective dose the lower the chance of disease: True
True or False The very young and the elderly are more susceptible to infectious disease.: True
True or False Diseases with long incubation periods are more likely to spread extensively: True
True or False. A fly may serve as a mechanical vector.: True
True or False. The portal of entry typically has little effect on the course of the disease: False
Penicillin was discovered by: Fleming
The toxicity of a given drug is expressed as the: therapeutic index
Drugs that are bacteriostatic: Inhibit the growth of bacteria
Antimicrobials that kill microorganisms have the suffix: -cidal
The rate of elimination of an antimicrobial is expressed as its: half life
When drugs that are more effective when taken together are called: synergistic
If drugs are less effective when taken together than when each is taken separately, they are called: antagonistic
Which of the following bacteria have an innate resistance to penicillin?: Mycoplasma
All members of the penicillin family have: beta-lactam rings
Beta-lactamases: break the beta-lactam ring
Sulfonamides are similar in structure to: PABA
Sulfonamides work as: competitive inhibitors
The lowest concentration of a drub that prevents growth of a microorganism is the: minimum inhibitory concentration
The minimum bactericidal concentration is the lowest concentration of a specific antimicrobial drug that kills _______ of a specific bacteria: 99.9%
The surface layer of the skin is the: epidermis
The oily secretion that lubricates the hair follicles of the skin is: sebum
Which of the following normal skin flora is a small yeast?: Malassezia spp.
The growth of P. acnes within hair follicles, in many individuals, leads to: acne
Which is deemed the most serious staphylococcal skin infection?: carbuncles
The S. aureus product that causes scalded skin syndrome is/are: exfoliative toxin
In addition to S. aureus, impetigo may also involve: S. pyogenes
The major vector of Rocky Mountain spotted fever in the western U.S. is: Rickettsia rickettsi
The causative agent of Lyme disease is: Borrelia burgdorferi
The unique characteristic of Lyme disease is: erythema migrans
The stage of Lyme disease that is characterized by arthritis is the: third
The most important vector of Lyme disease in the eastern U.S. is: Ixodes scapularis
Which of the following pertains to Borrelia burgdorferi?: spirochete
The varicella virus is a member of which virus family?: herpes
Reactivation of chickenpox is called: shingles and herpes zoster A&B
Rubella, rubeola and varicella-zoster are all only acquired via: the respiratory route
An important diagnostic sign of measles is: Koplik's spots
The MMR vaccine is used to protect against: measles, mumps, rubella
Warts are caused by: Papilloma virus
The cause of strep throat is: Streptococcus pyogenes - beta hemolytic, group A
A bacteriophage is necessary for toxin production in: C. diptheriae
Which of the following are considered diseases of the lower respiratory tract?: tuberculosis and pneumonia
The characterisitic virulence factor of S. pneumoniae is: a capsule
The causative agent of the pneumonia that causes permanent lung damage, may be nosocomial and has a high mortality if untreated is: K. pneumoniae
The spread of mycoplasma is through: inhalation of infected droplets
The sudden, violent, uncontrollable cough of pertussis is described as: Paroxymal
The resistance of the tubercle bacillus to various factors is probably due to its: cell wall
The bacterial lung infection acquired by inhalation of aerosols of contaminated water is known as: Legionnaires' disease
Two relatively widespread North American lung mycoses are: coccidioidomycosis and histoplasmosis.
The most common infectious disease of humans is: dental caries
The principal cause of dental caries is: S. mutans
This mineral, typically added to drinking water, makes enamel more resistant to dissolving in acid.: fluoride
H. pylori is, in part, able to survive in the stomach by its ability to produce: ammonia from urea
A painful finger infection attributable to herpes virus is known as a(n): herpetic whitlow
Which of the following has shown some effectiveness in treating a herpes infection?: acyclovir
The viral disease that characteristically infects the parotid glands is: mumps
The diarrhea of cholera has been described as: a rice water stool
A common source of cholera infection is: fecal contaminated material, especially water.
Most cases of Slamonella gastroenteritis have a(n): animal source
The food products most commonly contaminated with Salmonella strains are: eggs and poultry
The animal(s) often associated with Salmonella strains is/are: turtles, iguanas, baby chickens, ducks. All of the above
The most notorious typoid carrier was: Typhoid Mary
Which of these bacteria require a special medium and microaerophilic conditions?: C. jejuni
Viral gastroenteritis in infants and children is most commonly caused by: rotavirus
Hepatitis A spreads via: The fecal-oral route
The most commonly identified waterborne illness in the United States is: giardiasis
Most North American outbreaks of Cyclospora cayetanensis have been associated with: imported leafy vegetables and berries especially raspberries.
The important source(s) of tapeworm is/are: Beef, Fish, Pork. A,B,C
True of False. Sucrose is one of the major contributors to the development of dental caries.: True
True or False. Tapeworms are flat and can exceed 10 meters in length: True
Pinworm: Ingesting Ova
Whipworm: Skin penetration
Ascariasis: Skin Penetration
Hookworm: Skin Penetration
Strongloidiasis: Skin Penetration
Trichinosis: Eating undercood meat
The chronic inflammatory process involving the gums and tissues around the teeth is called: periodontal disease.
True or False. Antimicrobials that have a high therapeutic index are less toxic to the patient.: True
True or False. Broad spectrum antibiotics have minimal effect on the normal flora.: False
Antimicrobials may produce: Allergic reactions, Toxic effects, Suppression of normal flora. All of the above.
True or False. Antimicrobial resistance can be due to spontanewous mutation or gene acquisition: True
True or False. Viruses are very effectively treated with antibiotics: False.
True or False. Diptheroids are responsible for body odor.: True
True or False. The skin-invading molds are collectively called termed dermatophytes.: True
True or False. Diseases caused by fungi are called mycoses.: True

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