ch. 37
Terms
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- stalin in china
- got some Japanese islands lost in 1905.got Manchurian railroads and seaports.would be used to aid the Chinese Communists establish a foothold
- Point Four
- plan to lend $$ and technology to underdeveloped countries to fight communism
- Jiang Jieshi
- led the nationalists, but with only sporadic US help
- Sen. Joseph McCarthy
- served on the Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations. went after communists. Robert Kennedy worked for him.notorious for accusing with little evidence.
- MacArthur vs. Truman
- MacArthur wanted retaliation and increased US action.US leaders did not want to engage China; concentrate on USSR.MacArthur took his position public and Truman fired him; MAcArthur returned to the US as a hero, Truman viewed as giving in to the commiesJuly 1951 a truce declared, but no treaty ever signed
- NATO - North Atlantic Treaty Organization
- originally 5 European countries form mutual defense treaty.historic alliance for the US to defend Europe.grew to 14 with Greece and Turkey in 1952, W. Germany joined in 1955
- The Yalta Conference
- at the last conference of the "Big Three," Stalin got just about everything he wanted and the Cold War was defined for the next 40 years.what would happen to Europe after the war?when will the USSR get into the war against Japan?how about a new League of nations?
- Selective Service System 1948
- peacetime draft
- Douglas MacArthur
- headed the reconstruction of Japan.became a democratic country, committed to pacifism. boosted jap's economy
- The Arms Race
- gets the atomic bomb (they had 3 spies on the US atomic bomb project).1952 - US detonates the H-bomb (Hydrogen Bomb), much more powerful than the Hiroshima bomb.1953 - USSR detonates their own H-bomb
- International Monetary Fund (IMF)
- to regulate international currency rates
- Dr. Benjamin Spock
- told parents how to raise their kids: The Common Sense Book of Baby and Child Care
- Employment Act
- made it gov't policy to promote employment; created the Council of Economic Advisors for the president
- Fair Deal" Program as domestic policy
- housing, employment,farm supports, extension of Social Security (sounds like the New Deal) - most of it defeated in the Republican Congress (allied with Southern Democrats
- GI Bill of Rights
- gave soldiers $$ for school, vo-tech; allowed the Veterans' Administration to guarantee vets' home loans
- Truman Doctrine
- announced a policy to help free people fight against armed minorities (that meant communist rebels); this would form the basis for US intervention around the world until 1991
- The Smith Act prosecutions
- NY convicted 11 communists under this Act in 1949, upheld by the Supreme Court
- Kennan's "Containment Doctrine
- advised that USSR's expansionism should be contained by the US
- The Loyalty Program
- Truman was tired of the Soviets and worried about Communists in the USThe Loyalty Review Board investigated millions of federal workers (3000 were fired or resigned)loyalty oaths became popular around the country
- Mao Zedong
- led the communists and had sponsors in the USSR in civil war in china
- World Bank
- to promote development of war-torn areas
- Election of 1948
- repub-Thomas E. Dewey, NY governor democ. - truman, Strom Thurmond.progressive -Henry Wallace. Truman victory
- The Berlin Airlift
- Stalin cut off land access to Berlin as a challenge to the West.US heads a massive 9-month airlift to bring food, clothes, etc. to the citizens of West Berlin. stalin backs down
- National Security Act
- created the cabinet-level Department of Defense.heads of the armed forces now made into the Joint Chiefs of Staff.created the National Security Council to advise the presidentcreated the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) to spy on the world and assassinate heads of countries we didn't like
- Taft-Hartley Act
- passed by the new Republican Congress over Truman's veto outlawed "closed shops" and made unions liable for damages in inter-union disputes
- Allied trials of the Nazis
- occurred in Nuremberg (home of the Nazi Party).12 put to death, others committed suicide beforehand
- The Korean War
- only shooting between US and a major communist power (China) in the entire Cold War. US-north USSR - south
- House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC) - Nixon v. Hiss
- Rep. Richard Nixon (future president) went after Alger Hiss (a New Deal Democrat and Soviet spy)Hiss denied he was a Communist, but another discovered agent (Whittaker Chambers) ratted him out.By the time the truth was discovered, the statute of limitations had run out on prosecution for espionage, so he was convicted for lying under oaththe recently-released Soviet records in the Venona Project (a US-British project to intercept Soviet communications) are generally considered to have settled the matter
- Sunbelt
- the 15-state crescent region from Virginia to California increased in population at twice the rate of the North
- Marshall plan
- named for Secretary of State George C. Marshall - to provide billions in aid to countries devastated by the war as long as they agreed to cooperate (otherwise communists might persuade the citizens to go to the dark side)
- stalins broken promises at yalta
- Poland would have free elections - not .USSR would join the war in the Pacific - after the US dropped the bomb.Bulgaria and Romania will have free elections - yeah, right
- Marshall plan effects
- most of Europe took advantage of it and recovered (you're welcome, France.USSR refused offer of aid and did not allow any of its new "satellite" countries (allegedly independent, but subject to the control of Stalin, e.g.,Hungary, Poland
- Julius and Ethel Rosenberg
- leaked atomic secrets to the Soviets in the 1940s.executed in 1953 (only people executed for spying in peacetime)
- white flight
- leaving the cities for the suburbs inner cities would become poorer and darker, blacks from the South continued to move to cities, businesses also started to move out
- North Korean Invasion
- North Korean Invasion United Nations condemns the invasion and asks members to "render assistance" - called a "police action"Truman sends US troops into combat without consulting Congress Gen. Douglas MacArthur's troops in Japan join the fight; he takes orders from the US, not the UN
- 5 permanent members of Security Council
- US, GB, France, China, USSR