Nutrition Ch.21
Terms
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- Diseases of the heart and blood vessels are called ___.
- cardiovascular diseases
- ___ are the leading causes of death in the U.S. and around the world.
- cardiovascular diseases
- Most cardiovascular diseases involve both ___ and ___.
- atherosclerosis, hypertension
- The form of CVD characterized by the buildup of plaques along the inner walls of the arteries, which narrow the lumen of the artery and restrict bloodflow to the tissue supplied by the artery is called?
- atherosclerosis
- The obstruction of a blood vessel by an embolus, or traveling clot, causing sudden tissue death is called?
- embolism
- The formation of a blood clot is called?
- thrombosis
- A ballooning out of a portion of a blood vessel (usually an artery) due to weakness of the vessel's wall is called?
- aneurysm
- Mounds of lipid material (mostly cholesterol) with some macrophages (a type of white blood cell) covered with fibrous connective tissue and embedded in artery walls are called? With time, they may enlarge and harden as the fibrous coat thickens and calci
- plaques
- The plaques of atherosclerosis may obstruct blood flow through any blood vessel, the ___ arteries are most often affected.
- coronary arteries
- Higher-than-normal blood pressure is called?
- hypertension
- FACT: Compared to the typical American diet, the DASH diet provides more fruits, vegetables, and grains and less meat, poultry, fish, fat, and salt.
- FACT
- The DASH diet derives much of its energy from foods rich in ___.
- complex carbohydrates
- Moderate consumption of alcohol (no more than two drinks a day) may reduce the risk of CHD by raising doing what 2 things?
-
1. raising HDL cholesterol
3. preventing clot formation - Sudden tissue death caused by blockages of vessels that feed the heart muscle is called?
- heart attack
- A myocardial infarction is also known as a ___.
- heart attack
- FACT: After a heart attack, medical nutrition therapy aims to reduce the work of the heart and therefore restricts total energy, the amount of food or drink at each feeding, sodium, caffeine.
- FACT
- A syndrome in which the heart can no longer adequately pump blood through the circulatory systems is called?
- chronic heart failure
- Weight loss, edema, and PEM is a frequent consequence of ___ in the later stages of the disease.
- chronic heart failure
- An event in which the blood flow to a part of the brain is cut off is called?
- stroke
- The inflammatory responses to stress increase the permeability of the lungs' alveoli, fluids accumulate in the lungs' interstitial spaces, and ___ may develop.
- pulmonary edema
- Failure of the lungs to exchange gases is called?
- respiratory failure
- ___ is one of several disorders,including emphysema and bronchitis, that interfere with respiration.
- chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- ___ and ___ are the two major types of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases.
- emphysema, bronchitis
- The main treatment for COPD is ___.
- to stop smoking