American History Civil War
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- Declared that all slaves in areas rebelling against the U.S. would be free on Jan. 1, 1863
- Emancipation Proclamation of Abraham Lincoln
- A confederate sympatheizer responsible for assassinating Abraham Lincoln
- John Wilkes Booth
- Expression used by Confederate leaders who complained of the presence of black soldiers after the Civil War
- "painful humiliation"
- Founded in 1881 to teach African Americans trades and professions
- Alabama's Tuskegee Institute
- Founded the American Red Cross
- Clara Barton
- He became commander of all Union forces and used the North's advantages in terms of soldiers and supplies
- Ulysses S. Grant
- He was the commander of the Tennessee army. He moved 100,000 troops out of Tennessee toward Atlanta, Georgia burning and destroying everything along the way.
- General William Sherman
- He was the first Black promoted to Major in the Union Army
- Martin Delany
- In return for Democrat's acceptance of Hayes as president, Republicans agreed not to use military to enforce Reconstruction legislation.
- Compromise of 1877
- Merchants only giving credit to farmers who grew certain crops, most often cotton was an example of this
- crop lien system
- Northern Democrats who opposed the war because they sympathized with the South.
- Copperheads
- Northern Republicans who came south during reconstruction
- carpetbaggers
- On April 12, 1861, this marked the beginning of four bloody years of war
- Fall of Fort Sumpter
- One of the bloodiest days of the Civil War. Cost the south any hope of European support
- Battle of Antietam
- One of the skillful military leaders of the confederacy along with Joseph E. Johnston
- General Robert E. Lee
- Passed in January 1864 to abolish slavery
- 13th amendment to the Constitution
- Radical Republican from Pennsylvania that believed that land reform could change southern society.
- Thaddeus Stevens
- President of the Confederacy and a strong advocate of slavery and secession
- Jefferson Davis
- Referred to Democrats in the South that moved to win back their states from the Republicans. They used terrorism to win state elections
- Redeemers
- Referred to the fact that the South had only to protect its territory until the Union quit the fight
- defensive war
- Secret terrorist group formed in the 1860s to keep blacks from voting
- Ku Klux Klan
- Secretary of War that was ousted by President Johnson without congressional approval
- Edwin Stanton
- Some southern states passed laws designed to enforce segregation or separation of the races. These laws were referred to as
- Jim Crow Laws
- Southern factory workers eared wages that were much lower than their northern counterparts
- 40% below
- Tests supposedly intended to limit the vote to those who could read and write
- literacy tests
- The 1868 Radical Republican choice for presidential candidate
- Ulysses S. Grant
- A Democrat from Tennessee and a former slaveholder, he was ill-suited to the challenge of Reconstruction and became President when Lincoln was assassinated
- Andrew Johnson
- A group within the Republican Party that insisted that African Americans be given the right to vote. They wanted Reconstruction to create a new South where all men would have equal rights
- Radical Republicans
- A political club that brought the views of the Republican Party to the freed slaves and to poor whites
- Urban League
- After this battle, everyone realized that the war would last longer than a few months
- Bull Run
- America's first licensed female doctor
- Elizabeth Blackwell
- Arrangement in which sharecroppers promised their crops to merchants in exchange for supplies
- crop lien system
- Commander at Fort Sumpter who refused to evacuate fort on Beauregard's order
- Major Robert Anderson
- Declared that everyone born in the U.S. was a citizen with full civil rights. Johnson vetoed the bill saying ti would "operate against the white race."
- Civil Rights Act of 1866
- Described the sentiment of many who felt that many rich people were able to elude the draft by paying a substitute
- Rich man' war and a poor man's fight
- The calling up of people to serve in the military
- draft
- The first group to respond to the army's overwhelming need for medical care
- Catholic nuns
- The term used for the plan to rebuild the rebelling states for for reuniting the nation
- Reconstruction
- These represented the numerical advantage that the North had over the South in terms of people
- 22million people living in the North
- These divided the former Confederacy into five military districts to be overseen by Union troops
- Reconstruction Acts of 1867
- These empowered the federal government to combat terrorism with military force and to prosecute suspects
- Enforcement Acts of 1871
- These were taxes imposed on every voter making it difficult for Blacks to vote
- poll taxes
- This battle marked the turning point proving that the confederacy could be defeated
- Battle of Gettysburg
- This called for former confederate states to abolish slavery and for a majority of each state's white males to take a loyalty oath
- Wade Davis Bill
- This offered a full pardon to almost all southerners who would sear allegiance to the US Constitution and accept federal laws on slavery.
- Lincoln's Plan
- This prohibited discrimination by hotels and other businesses serving the public
- Civil Rights Bill of 1875
- This required states to extend equal citizenship to all people "born or naturalized in the Untied States" including the African Americans
- Fourteenth Amendment
- This ruled that "separate but equal" facilities did not violate the Fourteenth Amendment.
- Plessy v. Ferguson case of the Supreme Court
- This state was formed when Lincoln asked for 75,000 militiamen
- West Virginia
- This strategy was used to keep the South from importing supplies and exporting cotton
- Naval Blockade
- This war strategy believed it was not enough to fight enemy troops. To win the war, the Union had to strike at the enemy's economic resources
- Total War
- This was Grant's strategy to fight until the South ran out of men, supplies, and will.
- War of Attrition
- Trained his men well but hesitated to send them to battle.
- General McClellan
- Under these laws, African American could not hold meetings unless whites were present
- Black codes
- Under this system the worker agreed to work a parcel of the planter's land in return for a share of the crop, a cabin, seeds, tools, and a mule
- Sharecropping
- Violence in Memphis, this symbolized the ongoing violence in the South by those that opposed the 14th amendment
- Race riots
- Women suffragists who had opposed ratification of the 15th amendment until all women gained the vote alienating many African American Women from the Women's movement
- Elizabeth Cady Stanton
- Word used to describe the Southern states that left the union
- Confederacy
- Worked to put a stop to lynching and wrote a fiery editorial on the subject.
- Ida B. Wells
- This stated that the right to vote shall not be "denied or abridged...on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.
- 15th Amendment
- This Union General was in command by July, 1863 at the Battle of Gettysburg
- General George Mead
- This was designed to aid the millions of southerners, particularly slaves left homeless by the war. The agency distributed food, served as an employment agency and ran hospitals and schools
- The Freedman's Bureau
- This former slave founded the Tuskegee Institute
- Booker T. Washington
- This was the place where Robert E. Lee surrendered to Grant.
- The Appomatox in 1865
- This regiment was composed of some of the first African American soldiers recruited for the Union Army
- 54th Massachusetts Infantry
- Southern whites who supported reconstruction
- scalawags