Bio Anthro
Test #3
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- multiregional models
- suggests that our origins can not be pinned down to one single area/population
- Levallois technique
- ?look up
- The Family Hominidae (Hominids)
- Homo sapiens & ancestors (Australopithicus)
- robust
- dietary hypothesis catagory
- isotopes
- varients of radioactive elements example: C14, C12 (both stable and unstable isotpes exsist in nature)
- sagittal crest
- ridge of bone at tone of skull where nuscles used for mastication attach
- gracile
- dietary hypothesis catagory
- diastema
- Gap in teeth (relates to large K9's)
- Homo sapiens
- Dates: 400,000 - 27,000 ya Africa: 400,000 Asia & Europe 200,000 ya Australia 60,000 N. America 27,000 ya Cranial Capacity: 1250 - 1450cc, Forehead & Chin Chewing App.: Parabolic jaw Culture: Art & Symbolism, Tool Making, Ritualized Burials, LANGUAGE, produce fire Other: Controversy-Out of Africa Model vs. Multiregional Model=Partial Replacement Model
- simian shelf
- buttress of bone under lower incisors (support jaw in chewing)
- taphonomy
- the study of what happens between death and fossilization
- osteodontokeratic culture
- Postulated by Raymond Dart as early culture of A. africanus
- paleontology
- the study of acient humans
- Oldowan
- Oldowan pebble culture of Homo habilis (Leakey discovered)
- Australopithecus robustus
- only difference: LOCATION: South Africa
- Australopithecus boisei
- Dates: 2-1/2 - 1 MYA Location: East Africa Cranial Cap.: 510 cc Bipedal Features: Human-like bipedalism, smaller in stature Chewing Apparatus: huge jaw, small incisors & k9's, large premolars & molars, parabolic dental arcade, simian shelf, no diastema, sagital crest Culture: No known culture Other: "evolutionary dead end", high-fiber diet
- indirect dating
- surrounding materials are dated to provide date of fossil
- absolute (chronometric) dating
- provides estimates in actual numbers of yrs (Can provide date)
- Homo habilis
- Dates: 2-1/2 - 1-1/2 MYA Location: East Africa Cranial Capacity: 800 cc, (light skull) Bipedal Features:Full Biped;increase leg length/decrease arm length, shorter stature Chewing Apparatus: parabolic dental arcade, still no chin! (simian shelf) Culture: "Olduwan" pebble culture! , 1st known Tool Manufactures Other: habilis meaning "handy man" , Leakey: larger brain= tool manufacture
- endocast
- cast of the inside of the brain
- direct dating
- the object itself is bieng dated
- replacement models
- the theory that suggests modern humans evolved in one location and then spread geographically, replacing earlier hominid populations. (Out of Africa Model)
- Taxonomy
- Genus & Species, Also higher order taxa (categories) Each category implies a similiar type of adaptation
- fossils
- the preserved remnants of once-living things, often buried in the ground
- radiometric dating technique
- chronometric techniques that use radioactive decay of isotopes to determine age
- Acheulean
- Acheulen tools;hand axe culture of the Homo erectus
- relative dating
- dating techniques that establish the age of a fossil only to other material found below or above it
- Homo erectus
- Dates:Africa 1.6 - 400,000 ya Asia 1.5 - 200,000 ya Europe 800,000 - 200,000 ya Location: Africa, Asia, Europe Cranial Cap.: 900-1225 cc Bipedal Feat.: Full Biped Chewing Apparatus: Same as us, but still no chin! , simian shelf Culture: 1st to use Fire, "hand axe culture" Other: "Java Man" /"Peking Man"
- Mosaic Evolution
- The concept that different parts of an organism evolves at different times and at different rates
- postcranial skeleton
- below the head
- foramen magnum
- the hole at the bottom of the skull where the spinal cord enters the brain
- Dietary Hypothesis
- Graciles-Omnivoruos diet Robusts- High fiber diet (roots,nuts, leaves etc..)
- half-life
- rate of radioactive decay ;the time it takes for half of the original amount of an unstable isotope of an element to decay into more stable forms