Gov 5/6 Test
This is the ultimate test of torture.
Terms
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- Americans w/ Disabilities Act
- Extended protection of disabled peoples
- Everson v. Board of Education
- Busing is religiously neutral. States cannot support one religion over another.
- 8th Amendment
- Prevent excessive bail and cruel and unusual punishment
- Due Process Clause
- Prohibits abuse of life, liberty, or property
- Hardwick v. Georgia
- Resulted that Georgia's law forbidding gays was constitutional
- Obscenity
- Community standards
- 7th Amendment
- Guarantees trial of jury in civil cases that involve values as low as twenty dollars
- Equal Protection Clause
- Important basis of modern civil rights movements
- Sedition Act of 1798
- Made it a crime to write, utter, or publish anti-government statements with the "intent to defame"
- Rostker v. Goldberg
- Congress may require men, not women to register for draft
- Barron v. Baltimore
- Supreme Court ruled that Bill of Rights did not apply to state laws
- Engle v. Vitale
- Banned the use of a prayer in schools
- Busing
- A neutral turf, used to integrate schools
- Voting Rights Act 1965
- Outlawed Literacy Tests and allowed Fed Gov to register new voters
- Rehabilitation Act of 1973
- added disabled people to the list of groups protected under discrimination
- Bakke v. California
- Ruled Race can be a determination factor, but not the factor for employment
- White Flight
- Whites move out of neighborhoods because blacks can afford equal housing
- Aquilar v. Felton
- Ruled unconstitutional state aid for disadvantaged students who attend religious schools
- Roe v. Wade
- Made abortions available in all states due to the 14th amendment
- Richmond v. Croson
- Court beat down the city of Richmond's plan to subcontract 30% of its business to minority companies
- Brandenburg v. Ohio
- "imminent" action must be stated in order to be unlawful
- Gideon v. Wainwright
- Requires states to provide a lawyer
- Webster v. Reproductive Heath
- States may hold some restrictions (such as 24 hour waiting period) on abortion
- 9th Amendment
- Allows that Amendments 1-8 does not necessarily include all possible rights of the people
- Education for all Handicapped Children Act of 1975
- Gave all children right to free public education
- Romer v. Evans
- Struck down a Colorado amendment that banned gay rights
- Ex post facto laws
- A law that affects a criminal after a crime has been committed
- Texas v, Johnson
- Declared that the Texas law prohibiting flag desecration was unconstitutional
- Jim Crow Laws
- Laws Segregating Blacks
- Plessy v. Ferguson
- Supported Segregation Laws/ Separate But Equal
- Miranda v. Arizona
- Police must state your rights upon your arrest
- 2nd Amendment
- Allows the right to bear arms
- 1st Amendment
- Guarantees freedom of speech, press, assembly, and petition. In addition, it prohibits Congress from establishing a national religion
- James Merdith
- First black student to graduate college, done so at Un. of Missippi. Protected by JFK
- United Steelworkers v. Weber
- Kaiser Aluminum was sued for reverse discrimination, but the courts ruled that it was a private company and could set its own policies
- The Suspect Standard
- Used to judge racial classifications, Strict
- Orville Faubus
- Gov of Arkansas used national guard to block integration to Central High in Little Rock
- Thurgood Marshall
- NAACP lawyer for Linda Brown in Brown v. Brown, later a Supreme Court Judge
- Coverture
- Deprived married women of any identity separate from their husbands
- Schenck v. U.S.
- Gave "clear and present danger" standard test to balance national security and freedom of speech
- Libel
- Written statement that attacks another person's character
- Office of Economic Opportunity
- Set guidelines for equal hiring and education practices (started "quotas")
- NAACP
- Founded to enforce civil rights by the 14th/15th amendments
- 5th Amendment
- Provides for grand juries, restricts eminent domain, and prohibits forced self-incrimination and double jeopardy
- 14th Amendment
- Persons born or naturalized in the United States are citizens. States shall not deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; not deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. Incorporated Bill of Rights to apply to states.
- Document of Sentiments
- Modeled after dec of independence, signed at Seneca Falls
- Mapp v. Ohio
- Police searches must have probable cause
- Gitlow v. NY
- Benjamin Gitlow arrested and found guilty in NY when he passed out pamphlets that supported socialism and overthrow of the government. Appealed his 1st amendment. Supreme Court says fundamental personal rights are protected by Due Process Clause
- Bill of Rights
- First ten amendments added to the Constitution in 1791
- Privileges and Immunities
- Citizenship clause protects privileges and immunities
- 3rd Amendment
- Prohibits the quartering of solders in any house
- Title VII of the CRA 1964
- Prohibits Gender Discrimination in employment
- Wallace v. Jaffree
- Banned Alabama's moment of silence law
- Lawrence v. Texas
- Laws against sodomy violate the due process of 14th amendment
- Furman v. Georgia
- Death penalty must be carried out in a fair and consistent way
- The Reasonable Standard
- law endorsing different treatment "must be reasonable"
- Civil Rights Act 1964
- Banned discrimination in public facilities/ allowed gov to withhold funds for not complying w/ the law
- Espionage Act of 1917
- Forbid false statements that intended to interfere with the U.S. military forces or materials to be mailed if they violated the law
- 19th Amendment
- Voting rights shall not be denied on account of sex
- Smith Act
- Punish advocates of overthrowing gov. Punish membership in a group that advocated overthrowing of gov.
- 6th Amendment
- Outlines criminal court procedures
- Brown v. Board of Ed. Topeka
- Ruled Separate is not equal/ Overturned Plessy
- Bill of Attainder
- Legislative act that punishes an individual or group without judicial trial
- Lemon v. Kurtzman
- Direct state aid cannot be used to subsidize religious instruction.
- Writ of Habeas Corpus
- Provide the Body
- Griswold v. Connecticut
- Doctor gave bird control devices. Protected individuals right to privacy.
- 24th Amendment
- Banned Poll Tax
- 4th Amendment
- Restricts searches and seizures
- 10th Amendment
- Reserves for the states any powers not delegated to the national government specifically in the Constitution