Ch. 17-History
Terms
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- Declaration of the RIghts of Man
- the document, adopted by Naitonal Assembly, that stated and defined principles of liberty, equality, and fraternity
- plebiscite
- procedure by which a government measure is submitted to the people for a vote
- Olympe de Gouges
- led group of women who wrote a declaration of rights for women that was rejected by National Assembly
- judicial branch
- branch of US government responsible for interpreting the laws
- Bill of Rights
- first 10 amendments to the US Constitution
- What word comes from Latin word that means "to keep"?
- conservatives
- liberalism
- movement extending principles of American and French revolutions, stressed indicidual rights and rule of law rather than rule of monarch
- Voltaire
- helped popularize British ideas in France with his Letters on England
- emigres
- nobles who fled France during French Revolution
- primogeniture
- French law under which only the eldest son could inherit his father's property
- popular sovereignty
- belief that government is created by and subject to the will of the people
- universal manhood suffrage
- principle that every man had right to vote, regardless of whether he owned property or not
- Denis Diderot
- edited and published the first edition of the Encyclopedia
- rationalism
- characteristic of the Enlightenment, rose form belief that truth can be arrived at solely by reason
- legitimacy
- principle that all former ruling families should be returned to their thrones
- Thomas Jefferson
- principal author of American Declaration of Independence
- enlightened despotism
- system of government in which absolute monarchs ruled according to principles of the Enlightenment
- Congress of Vienna
- allied countries met to settle political and territorial questions following the end of the Napoleonic Wars
- reaction
- time when those in authority wanted to return to the orderly conditions of an earlier period
- philosophes
- thinkers or philosophers of the Enlightenment
- metternich
- foreign minsister of Austria and chairmen at Congress of Vienna
- indemnity
- money for war damages
- nationalism
- love of one's country rather than of one's native region
- legitimacy
- policy stating that all former ruling families should be restored to their thrones, supported by conservatives who wanted things to be the way they were before
- Louis XVI
- French king during the French Revolution
- Louis XVII
- French monarch who was restored to the throne by the allies after Napoleon was defeated
- scorched earth policy
- policy of burning and destroying crops and everything else that might be of value to invaders
- salons
- gatherings of social, political and cultural elite in France, meaning "drawing room, parlor" in French
- conscription
- the drafting of men into military service
- reactionaries
- extremists who not only oppose change, but generally would like to turn the clock back to the way things were before
- tithe
- church tax collected from Chrisitians in early times which represented one tenth of their income
- coup d'etat
- Which term means "stroke of state"?
- liberalism
- political movement that extended principles of the American and French Revolutions with their ideals of individual rights and rule of law
- Jean-Jacques Rousseau
- wrote in The Social Contract that all people are born good but that environment, education, and laws corrupt them
- coup d' etat
- seizure of power by force
- Napoleonic Code
- system of French laws formulated by Napoleon that became foundation of many European legan systems
- Concordat
- agreement between Napoleon and the Pope that acknowledged Catholicism as the religion of most French citizens and in which the church gave up claims to its pre-Revolutionary property
- counterrevolution
- fight against regular French army and the Revolution in the western part of France
- Treaty of Paris
- brought an end to American Revolution
- Patriots
- American colonists who favored independence from Britain
- 3rd Estate
- commoners of French society prior to the revolution, the class that was divided into the bourgeoisie, laborers and arisans, and peasants
- Bourgeoisie
- merchants, manufacturers, and professionals of city dwelling French middle class
- Horatio Nelson
- British Admiral whose fleet destroyed the combined French and Spanish fleets at Trafalgar