chapter 6 apush ids
Terms
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- written by Jefferson (Kentucky one) and Madison(Virginia one), it argued that the Federal govt had been formed by a contract among the states and possessed only certain delegated powers. It stated that whenever the govt had exceeded those powers, a state had the right to nullify the appropriate laws.
- Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
- He was the most resourceful advocate of a stronger national govt. He called for a national convention to overhaul the Articles of Confederation.
- Alexander Hamilton
- They agreed that they needed a stronger central government. But then they didn't agree on anything else. Washington was chosen to run the sessions.
- Constitutional Convention
- (Virginian) He was chosen by G.W. to be the secretary of state.
- Thomas Jefferson
- This was the Republican victory. They believed the nation had been saved from tyranny. smooth transition from Federalist leadership to Republican-Democrat
- Revolution of 1800
- This was a group of Revolutionary War veterans that influence the majority of the city of NY to become republican and then the state. This caused Jefferson to be elected.
- Tammany Society
- Congress cut off all trade with France, abrogated the treaties of 1778 and authorized American vessels to capture French armed ships on the high seas. Then a treaty was signed by the new French government that canceled the old agreements and established new commercial agreements. The Quasi was ended peacefully.
- The "Quasi War"
- Hamilton outlined a plan for stimulating the growth of industry and spoke glowingly of the advantages to society of a healthy manufacturing sector.
- Report on Manufactures
- They saw themselves as defenders of the true principles of the revolution. They believed the constitution would betray those principles and it would increase tax, weaken the states and wield dictatorial powers, favor well-born over the common people and abolish individual liberty.
- AntiFederalists
- It called for a 2 house legislature. The lower house would rep the states on basis of pop. Each slave would be counted as 3/5 of a free person to determine representation and direct taxation. The upper house would have would have the states be represented equally with 2 members apiece. They agreed to not stop slave trade for 20 years.
- The Great Compromise
- The federalists reduced the number of Supreme Court justiceships by one and greatly increased the # of federal judgeships as a whole.
- The Judiciary Act of 1801
- groups needed to be separated so that one group won't have all authority. They also needed to check each other and make sure no one had more authority. Congress would have two chambers, each checking the other. The Federal courts would be protected from both the executive and legislature, because judges would serve for life.
- Separation of Powers/ Checks and Balances
- Congress passes 12 amendments to the constitution. The 1st 10 were the Bill of Rights. 9 of them placed limitations of Congress by forbidding it to infringe on rights- freedom of religion, speech and press; immunity from arbitrary arrest; trial by jury; and others. The 10th gave all power to people except the powers reserved for federal govt.
- The Bill of Rights
- There was controversy on this topic because it wasn't stated in the Constitution that there should be a national bank, so congress had no authority to make one. But congress agreed to Hamilton's bill and the Bank of the US began operations in 1791.
- The Bank of the US
- A group of farmers in Pennsylvania disagreed with paying the new whiskey tax and began to terrorize tax collectors in the region. Washington called out the militias of 3 states and assembles an army of 15,000 and personally accompanied the troops to Pennsylvania causing the rebellion to quickly collapse. Showed the strength of the new government
- Whiskey Rebellion
- congress (under articles) became so unpopular and ineffectual that most of its members withdrew and escaped from the army veterans demanding their pay. It was weak.
- The Confederation Congress
- Adams was charged with staying up until midnight on his last day in office to finish signing the new judge's commissions. The officeholders became known as the midnight appointments. Attempt to keep federalist control of judiciary
- "Midnight Appointments"
- Henry Knox He was chosen by George Washington as the secretary of war. Knox was a Massachusetts Federalist.
- Henry Knox
- The plan proposed that a national govt should have a supreme legislative, executive and judicial branch. Edmund Randolph opened the debate by proposing the plan that James Madison had devised in some detail for a new national govt. Madison's Virginia Plan called for a national legislature of 2 houses. based on population
- Edmund Randolph/ James Madison/ Virginia Plan
- He persuaded the Virginia legislature to convene an interstate conference on commercial questions. The convention only had 5 state delegates present so Hamilton asked for a convention of special delegates from all states to meet in Philly the next year.
- James Madison/ Annapolis Convention
- From New Jersey, offered a plan in which the govt would stay the same, but Congress would have more powers such as to tax and to regulate commerce. His plan was rejected. Equal rep in congress
- William Peterson/ New Jersey Plan
- In this Treaty negotiated by Thomas Pinckney and signed in 1795; Spain recognized the right of Americans to navigate the Mississippi to its mouth and to deposit goods at New Orleans for reloading on oceangoing ships. They agreed to fix the Northern Boundary of Florida along the 31st parallel and commanded its authorities to prevent the Indians in Florida from launching raids.
- Thomas Pinckney/ Pinckney's Treaty
- Hamilton was one of the most aristocratic in political philosophy. He believed that a stable and effective govt required an elite ruling class. He proposed that the govt needed the support of the wealthy and the powerful. He proposed that the certificates of indebtedness that had been issued during and after the war should be called in and exchanged for interest-bearing bonds. He wanted to create a permanent national debt, with new bonds being issued as old ones were paid off. He thought that the wealthy classes would be more likely to lend money to the govt and give a reason for the govt to survive.
- Alexander Hamilton/ Funded Debt Proposal
- 55 young men, average age was 44. They were well educated men that came to the conventions. Most of them were wealthy property owners.
- The Founding Fathers
- Alien Act placed new obstacles in the way of foreigners who wanted to become American citizens, and it strengthened the president's hand in dealing with aliens. This caused some aliens to leave and discouraged immigration. The sedition act allowed the govt to prosecute those who engaged in sedition against the govt. The republicans felt that this was a way that the Federalists wanted to destroy them. The Sedition Act was used by Federalists to arrest 10 newspaper editors whose only crime was criticism of Federalists.
- The Alien and Sedition Acts
- He was a leading federalist that was appointed by Adams to be chief justice of the Supreme Court. Marshall held the position for 34 years
- John Marshall
- Charles was sent to Paris as the new American Minister in an effort to stabilize relations. American bipartisan commission arrived in Paris to be greeted by French agents of the French foreign Prime Minister, Prince Talleyrand, who wanted a loan for France and a bribe for the French officials before any negotiations could begin. But Pinckney said no and this was known as the XYZ affair. The 3 French officials were named x y z and this became an undeclared war with France for nearly 2 years.
- Charles Cotesworth Pinckney. Prince Talleyrand/ XYZ Affair
- Federalists were opponents of centralization, implying that they were less committed to a nationalist government than in fact they were. Alex Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay (under the joint pseudonym "Publius") wrote a series of essays explaining the meaning and virtues of the Constitution. These papers were published as a book and known as the Federalist Papers.
- Federalists/The Federalists Papers/Publius
- Republicans and Federalists had formed their own committees, societies and caucuses. Neither of the side was willing to admit that it was acting as a party nor would either concede the right of the other to exist. It was known as the 1st party system.
- 'First Party System'
- He mobilized an organization in NY of revolutionary war veterans to serve as a Republican political machine.
- Aaron Burr
- This treaty was with GB after they began assaulting American ships coming from French West Indies. John Jay went to GB to negotiate a treaty to avoid a possible war with them. Many thought Jay had sold out US
- Jay's Treaty
- congress provided for a Supreme court of 6 people and a system of lower district courts and courts of appeal. It gave Sup. Court the power to make the final decision in all cases involving the constitutionality of state laws.
- The Judiciary Act of 1789