APUSH 201-300
Terms
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- Federalist papers (Jay, Hamilton, Madison)
- collection of essays by John Jay, Alexander Hamilton and James Madison. EXplained importance of a strong central government.
- Separation of power
- Power of the govt. divided between Legislative, Executive and Judicial Branches.
- National, state, and foreign debt.
- The U.S's national debt was owed to war veterans and those who didn't get paid for their service in the revolution. Foreign debt was owed to countries that helped out. The federal governmnet assumed all debts incurred by the states during the war.
- Sec. of Treasury Alexander Hamilton
- A leading federalist, created the national bank. paid off early US debts through tariffs and excise tax on whiskey.
- Articles of Confederation; powers, weaknesses, successes
- Most of the power delegated to the states but federal govt has power over war, foreign policy and issuing money. gave federal govt so little power it could not keep unity. Settled western land claims with Northwest Ordinance.
- Election of 1800 ,tie, Jefferson and Burr
- Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr defeated John Adams in the presidential election but tied with each other. The final decision went to the house of representatives who chose Jefferson for president and Burr for Vice.
- 12th amendment
- Presidential and Vice-presidential nominees must run on the same party ticket.
- Northwest Ordinance 1787
- Set up the framework of the govt for the northwest territory. territory divided into 3-5 states, outlawed slavery, 60,000 minimum population for a state
- President George Washington
- Established many presidential traditions. strove for political balance
- Implied powers, elastic clause,necessary and proper clause
- UNspecified powers are implied in the constitution, known as the elastic clause because it can be stretched to include any powers.
- Federalists and democratic republicans
- The first two political parties
- Great Compromise
- Created The house of representatives and the senate and used both the virginia plan and new jersey plan to elect members.
- Antifederalists
- Opposed ratification of the constitution because the states had less power than the federal governments and did not ensure individual rights. Instrumenatl in obtaining the bill of rights. After the ratification of the constitution became democratic republicans.
- Whiskey rebellion
- 1794. Farmers rebelled against hamilton's excise tax on whiskey. The incident showed how quickly the constitution could react to problems in contrast to the AofC
- Federalists and democratic republicans: philosophies
- Federalists believed in strang central govt. a strong army, and loose interpretation of the constitution. DR's believed in weak central govt. individual rights, and strict interpretation of the constitution.
- Preamble
- We the people of the united states, in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare and, secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this constitution for the united states of america.
- VP John Adams
- Federalist, had little say in Washingtons administration.
- Shays rebellion
- Poor landowners in Massachusets blocked access to courts and prevented the government from arresting or repossessing property of those in debt.
- 3/5ths compromise
- slaves considered three fifths of a person when determining population.
- Constitutional convention 1787
- Held in Philidelphia. All states except Rhode Island sent a delegate. George Washington Served as president. Produced the constitution.
- Sec. of state Thomas Jefferson
- Leading democratic republican. Opposed Hamilton's ideas. Resigned from office
- Checks and Balances
- Each branch of govt. checks the other two to prevent one from becoming to powerful.
- James Madison
- Came up with thre Virginia Plan, responsible for drafting most of the constitution.
- French Revolution
- Second great democratic revolution, took place in the 1790's. U.S did not interfere. French overthrew the king and his government and tried a series of unsuccesful democratic governments until Napoleon became dictator in 1799.
- 2nd Great Awakening
- Series of religious revivals starting in 1801, based on methodism and baptism, stressed philosophy of salvation through good deeds and tolerance for protestants. Attracted women, African Americans,and Native Americans
- North, South Compromises
- North given full federal protection of trade and commerce, South given permanent relief from export taxes and gaurentee that slave trade would not be stopped for 20 years, and the capitol was placed in the south. because of 3/5ths compromise south had a greater representation in House.
- Patrick Henry (1736-1799)
- One of the main opponents of the constitution.
- Land Ordinance of 1785
- provided for the orderly distribution and surveying of the land belonging to the united states
- Constitution
- Established federal govt. and outlined its powers. Can be changed with amendments.
- Bill of rights adopted, 1791
- First ten amendments, gaurentee basic individual rights
- Alien and Sedition acts
- 4 laws passed by the federalist congress and signed by president Adams. The naturalization act increased waiting to become a citizen from 5 to 14 years. the alien act allowed the president to arrest and deport dangerous aliens. alien enemy act allowed for the arrest and deportation of citizens the U.S is at war with. the sedition act made it illegal to publish defamatory statements about the federal government.
- Procedures for Amendments
- amendment may be proposed if 2/3 of congress or 2/3 of state legislature vote for it. Amednment may be added by 3/4 vote
- Excise tax
- Taxes placed on manufactured products
- Virginia, New Jersey and Connecticut plans
- Virginia called for a two house congress with representation based on population. New Jersey plan featured a one house congress with equal representation. Connecticut plan used two house congress with both types of representation.
- Federalist, #10
- Proposed setting up a republic to solve the problems of a large democracy