Civil Rights 2
Terms
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- According to the Supreme Court advertising is?
- "commercial speech"
- Naturalization
- the legal process by which a person aquires citizenship
- UCLA v Bakke
- White male student (Bakke) was denied admissions and argued that the school denied him equal protection under the law (14th Amendment). The Court agreed.
- Nix v Williams
- Created an "inevitable discovery" exception to the exlusionary rule. Says that evidence seized illegally can be used if that evidence "ultimately or inevitable" would have been discovered anyway.
- US v Salerno
- upheld "preventive detention"
- From which trial did the Exclusionary Rule come?
- Weeks v United States
- What is the Exclusionary Rule?
- supresses illegally seized evidence
- Trials that revolve around Establishment Clause?
- Engal v Vitale, Wallace v Jafree, Allegheny County v ACLU, Pittsburgh v ACLU, Edwards v Aquillard, Walz v Tax Commission, Lemon V Kurtzman, Reynolds v US, Oregon v Smith
- Indictment
- a formal complaint laid before the grand jury by a prosecutor
- Presentment
- a formal accusation brought by the grand jury on its own motion
- Grand Jury
- a formal device by which a person may be accused a serious federal crime
- Information
- an affidavit in which the prosecutor swears there is enough evidence to justify a trial
- Plessy v Ferguson
- Approved the separate but equal doctrine, resulting in the total segregation of the races
- The Supreme Court cites which two amendments as protecting picketing?
- 1st and 14th
- What was the focus of the Katz v US trial?
- No wiretapping without a warrant
- Peonage
- a form of servitude in which a person is forced to work for another to pay off a debt. It's illegal.
- Which trial overturned Plessy v Ferguson?
- Brown v Topeka Board of Education
- Which trial gives us the "good faith" exception to the exclusionary rule?
- US v Leon
- All trials that deal with the 6th Amendment right to counsel?
- Gideon v Wainwright and Escobedo v Illinois
- All trials that deal with racial issues?
- Plessy v Ferguson, Brown v Topeka Board of Education, UCLA v Bakke, US v Paradise, Fullilove v Klutznick, Wards Cove Packing Co. v Atonio
- Barker v Wingo
- Whether someone has been denied a speedy trial
- All trials that deal with the 4th Amendment?
- California v Greenwood, Horton v California, Weeks v US
- Citizens
- Fully-fledged members of the political community
- Nationals
- They are not fully-fleged citizens, but they do owe full allegience to the U.S.
- Aliens
- Anyone in the US who is neither a citizen nor a national
- Trials that deal with radio and tv coverage?
- Estes v Texas and Chandler v Florida
- To whom are civil rights guaranteed?
- All Persons
- Rochin v California
- Reinforced the idea of procedural due process.
- Specific part of the Constitution that the Supreme Court used to apply the bill of rights to the states.
- due process clause of the 14th amendment in the case of Gitlow v New York
- Oregon v Smith
- THe court said that a Native American who smoke peyote as part of his religious ceremonies could be denied unemployment benefits if he got fired because of this practice.
- Fullilove v Klutznick
- upheld quotas. It contained a "Minority set-aside provision" requiring that at least 10% of each grant from state and local governments for public works projects had to be allocated to minority owned businesses.
- Which trial produced "clear and present" danger rule?
- Schenk v US
- Which trial outlawed prayer in school?
- Engal v Vitale
- Main focus of WVA Board of Education v Barnett?
- struck down a complusory flag salute law
- Epperson v Arkansas
- court struck down a Louisiana law that required a balanced treatment in schools between evolution and creation science. The Science in public instruction act.
- miscegenation
- laws designed to prevent marriage between the races
- ex parte
- a one-sided court hearing. only the prosecutio is presenting its evidence.
- waive
- to put aside or relinquish ones right to a jury trial
- sedition
- urging people to resist lawful authority
- What's the difference between De Jure segregation and De Facto segregation?
-
De Jure- segregation by law, illegal
De Facto- housing patterns - Which law was struck down as a bill of attainder?
- Landrum-Griffin Act
- Symbolic speech is a reference to what?
-
expression by conduct
Tinker v Des Moines - Which case is referred to as the Pentagon Papers Case?
- New York Times v US
- Taylor v Louisiana
- Said women could not be excluded from jury services
- Maryland v Garrison
- Allowed the use of evidence seized in a mistaken search for drugs.
- Miranda v Arizona
- the court said that an accused person must be advised of his sixth amendment rights
- Horton v California
-
no warrant is needed to seize evidence
"in plain sight." - Wallace v Jafree
- struck down an Alabama law setting up a moment of silence for "meditation or voluntary prayer"
- Escobedo v Illinois
- court threw out a confession that was taken without the defendant's lawyer being present
- Furman v Georgia
- court said the death penalty was unconstitutional
- Runyan v McCary
- ruled against two private schools that discriminated against blacks. the court said these schools had refused to enter into contracts of admission
- McCarran Act
- requires all communist organizations to register with the attorney general