Chapter 12
Terms
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- Rush-Bagot Agreement
- (1817) an agreement b/t Britain and the United States severly limited naval armament on the lakes
- Tariff of 1816
- the first tariff in American histroy instituted primarily for protection, not revenue
- American System
- a 3 part system that began with a strong banking system that would provide an easy and abundant credit, then Clay advocated a protective tariff where manufacturing would flourish, and the revenues from the tariff would provide funds for roads and canals
- Thomas MacDonough
- saved the least upper New York from conquest, New England from further disaffection, and the Union from possible dissolution
- "Blue Light" Federalists
- treacherous New Englanders who supposedly flashed lanterns in the shore so that blockading British cruisers would be alerted to the attempted escape of American ships
- James Monroe
- (1816) he fought in the Revolution, served as a French minister, and became a co purchaser of Louisiana and later became president
- Treaty of 1819
- Spain ceded FL, as well as claims from Oregon, in exchange for America's abandonment of murky claims in TX
- Daniel Webster
- the Dartmouth College v. Woodward was appealed by Dartmouth when one of its alumni was employed as counsel, aka "Expounding Father"
- Andrew Jackson
- placed in command after defeating the SW Indians at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend, he led the Americans to victory once again in the Battle of New Orleans
- Battle of Thames
- forced to withdraw with from Detroit and Ft. Malden, the retreating redcoats were overtaken by General Harrison's army and beaten at this battle
- Era of Good Feelings
- a misnomer, Madison's first years in office were filled with issues of the tariff, the bank, internal improvements, and the sale of public lands
- Virginia Dynasty
- the delegates wished to prohibit the election of 2 presidents from the same state-by 1814 a Virginian had been president for all but 4 years in the Republic's quarter century of life
- Monroe Doctrine
- (1823) he proclaimed that the era of colonization in the Americas had ended and that henceforth the hunting was closed, neither the great powers or the Old World govt's could seize or otherwise acquire more, aka the Self Defense Doctrine
- Missouri Compromise
- (lasted 34 years) a vital formative period in the life of the young Republic and during that time it preserved the shaky compact of the states and it embittered the dispute over slavery that would later breakup the Union
- Washington Irving
- one of the nation's first writers in the 1820s that used American themes and styles
- Battle of New Orleans
- won by Jackson, this battle restored the honor that the US had gained and released a wave of nationalism and self confidence throughout American
- Canning Proposition
- he proposed that the US combine with the Brits in a joint declaration to renounce any interest in acquiring Latin America territory and specifically warning the Europeans to keep their hands off of Latin American republics
- James Finemore Cooper
- another one of the nation's first writers that used American themes and styles
- Russo American Treaty of 1824
- the tsar fixed his southern most limits to the present southern tip of the Alaska panhandle
- John Quincy Adams
- leader of the 5 American peacemakers that met in Belgian city of Ghent in 1814
- Hartford Convention
- perhaps the most spectacular manifestation of Federalist discontent, the states of Mass., CT, and RI, dispatched full delegations to discuss their grievances and to seek redress for their wrongs, it demanded financial assistance from Washington to compensate for lost trade and proposed constitutional amendments requiring a 2/3 vote in Congree before an embargo could be imposed, new states admitted, or war declared
- McCulloch v. Maryland
- an attempt by the state of MD to destroy a branch of the Bank of the US by imposing a tox on its notes, h/w Marshall declared the bank constitutional by invoking Hamiltonian doctrine of implied powers
- Fletcher v. Peck
- (1810) arose when a GA legislature was bribed and granted 35 million acres in the Yazoo River country to private speculators
- Oliver Hazard Perry
- an American naval officer who managed to build a fleet of green timbered ships in the shores of Lake Erie, his victory and his slogan infused new life into the American cause
- The Constitution
- American frigates known as the Old Ironsides had thicker sides, heavier firepower, and larger crews
- Treaty of 1818
- permitted Americans to share the coveted Newfoundland fisheries with the Canadians, fixed the vague northern limits of LA along the 49th parallel from the Lake of the Woods to the Rockies, it provided a joint occupation of the untamed Oregon Country
- Loose Construction
- when Marshall ruled the case of McCulloch v. Maryland he said the Constitution derived from the consent of the people and thus permitted the govt to act for their benefit
- Isaac Brock
- led the British and Canadians to capture the American fort Michilimackinac
- Tallmadge Amendment
- stipulated that no more slaves should be brought into Missouri and also provided for the gradual emancipation of children born to slave parents
- John Marshall
- one of the more famous of his decisions he made was to bolster the power of the federal govt at the expense of the states
- Henry Clay
- another American peacemaker that was a highly living colleague of John Quincy Adams, he later developed the home market
- Panic of 1819
- the first financial crisis the nation experienced sine Washington took office, it brought deflation, depression, bankruptcies, bank failures, and unemployment and also backwashed the political and social world
- Cohens v. Virgina
- (1821) gave Marshall a great opportunity to defend federal power, The Cohens were found guilty by the state of VA for illegally selling lottery tickets, VA and all the other states loss b/c Marshall asserted the right of the Supreme Court to review the decisions of the state supreme courts in all questions involving the powers of the federal govt
- Dartmouth College v. Woodward
- (1819) the college was granted a charter by King George III in 1769, but the democratic NH state legislature had seen fit to change it
- Fort Michilimackinac
- the Brits and the Canadians captured this American fort which commanded the upper Great Lakes and the Indian inhabited area to the south and the west