Government Chapters 1-4
Terms
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- Politics
- Who gets what, when and how. A struggle over power or influence within an organization
- Government
- An institution that makes decisions in order to resolve conflicts
- Initiative
- When voters propose a law or constitutional amendment
- Referendum
- Voters either approve or disapprove
- Recall
- Voters can remove official from office
- Universal suffrage
- The right to vote among everyone
- Ideology
- A set of political beliefs
- Conservative
- Traditional, do not like change, doesn't like government spending.
- Liberalism
- Wants government spending, more government involvement in programs, more tolerant to change
- Socialism
- Strong supportment for economic and social equality
- Libertarianism
- opposed to almost all government actions
- Communism
- A revolutionary variant of socialism that favors dictatorship, government control over all enterprises, replacement of free markets by central planning
- Fascism
- Absolute ruler
- Unicameral legislature
- Single body legistlature
- Bicameral legislature
- Two body legislature
- Articles of confederation
- Created in 1780s; feared powerful government and therefore made a weak central government. It was unicameral with ambassadors
- Shays rebellion
- The articles of confederation caused economic problems. Farmers got hurt the most. Daniel Shays was a farmer and he and a bunch of others stormed the courthouses in springfield massachusetts and the central government's weak military powers was unable to prevent this. This called for a change from the articles of confederation.
- Virginia plan
- Wanted bicameral legislature government with each state getting representatives proportionally equal to the population
- New Jersey plan
- Wanted bicameral legislature government with each state getting 1 vote
- Great compromise or Connecticut compromise
- Suggested by Roger Sherman: Wanted bicameral legislature with the higher chamber with 2 senators each while the lower chamber got representatives proportionally equal to the state's population
- Federalist
- Group who wanted the ratification of the constitution
- Anti-federalists
- Group that opposed the ratification of the constitution
- Bill of Rights
- First 10 amendments of the constitution
- Federalism
- When the central government shares power with the state government
- Unitary System
- When one ultimate authority is the central government
- Confederal system
- When the one ultimate authority is the state government
- Federal system
- Authority is divided between central and lover governments
- Enumerated powers
- Powers that are in the constitution that are given to the federal government
- Elastic clause
- Gives congress the power to carry out its powers
- Concurrent powers
- Powers that are held jointly between federal and state powers
- Supremacy clause
- Federal laws supercede local and state laws
- Block grants
- Funds given by the federal government to states for their own use
- Federal mandate
- When congress passes legislations that forces states and municipalities to do certain things or comply with certain rules
- Civil liberties
- They stipulate what the government cannot do. They are personal freedoms that guarantee you protection
- Establishment clause
- In the first amendment and prevents the government from establishing a national religion
- Slander
- When you utter a false statement against somebody in a way that can defame their character
- Libel
- Written defamation of a person's character
- Writ of habeas corpus
- If the person is being held, they have the right to be held before a judge and told what they are being accused of.