IMTW - A&P - Chapter 3 Medical Terminology - Body Regions, Cavities, Positio
Terms
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- List the two dorsal cavities of the posterior region of the trunk.
- Cranial cavity and vertebral cavity.
- List the five regions of the posterior surface of the trunk named for the corresponding vertebrae in the spinal column.
- Cervical region, thoracic region, lumbar region, sacral region, coccyx.
- List the three ventral cavities of the anterior region of the trunk.
- Thoracic cavity, abdominal cavity, pelvic cavity.
- List the visceral contents of the thoracic cavitiy.
- Heart, lungs, thymus gland, trachea, and esophagus.
- List the visceral contents of the abdominal cavity.
- Liver, kidneys, spleen, pancreas, stomach, and intestines.
- List the visceral contents of the pelvic cavity.
- Bladder, internal reproductive organs, and part of the large intestines.
- List the nine regions of the abdomen.
- Right hypochondriac, epigastric, left hypochondriac, right lumbar, umbilical, left lumbar, right iliac, hypogastric, and left iliac.
- What are the viscera?
- Internal organs of the thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic cavities that are considered to be under involuntary control.
- What are the two types of membranes associated with the regions of the trunk and their purpose?
- Parietal membranes line the body cavities and visceral membranes cover the visceral organs.
- What are the somatic organs and tissues?
- Often voluntarily controlled skin and skeleton parts (i.e. bone, skeletal muscles, extremities, and the body wall).
- Name the position in which the body stands upright with the feet slightly apart, arms hanging at the sides, palms facing forward, and thumbs outward.
- Anatomic position.
- Name the position in which the body stands upright with the feet slightly apart, arms hanging at the sides, palms facing sides of body, and thumbs forward.
- Functional position.
- Descride the body in the erect position.
- Standing.
- Name the position in which the body lies horizontally with the face up.
- Supine position.
- Name the position in which the body lies horizontally with the face down.
- Prone position.
- Name the position in which the body lies horizontally on the right or left side.
- Lateral recumbent position.
- What is the sagittal plane?
- A vertical plane that divides the body into left and right parts.
- What is the difference between a midsagittal plane and a parasagittal plane?
- Midsagittal plane divides into equal parts and the parasagittal plane divides into unequal parts.
- What is the frontal plane?
- A vertical plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior parts.
- What is the transverse plane?
- A horizontal plane that divides the body into superior and inferior parts.
- What does axial describe in terms of the structural plan of the body?
- Areas or organs along the central axis of the body (i.e. head, neck, trunk, brain, spinal cord, and abdominal organs).
- What does appendicular describe in terms of the structural plan of the body?
- The limbs, joined to the body as lateral appendages.
- What does torso or trunk describe in terms of the structural plan of the body?
- The structures of the main part of the body (i.e. chest, abdomen, and vertebral cavity).
- Flexion
- A decrease in the angle between two bones as the body part moves out of the anatomic position.
- Extension
- An increase in the angle between two bones usually moving the body part back toward the anatomic position.
- Hyperextension
- (1) Any extension beyond normal or healthy or (2) Any extension that takes the part farther in the direction of the extension, farther out of the anatomic position.
- Abduction
- Movement of the appendicular body part away from the midline.
- Adduction
- Movement of the appendicular body part toward the midline.
- Right lateral flexion
- Movement of the axial body part to the right.
- Left lateral flexion
- Movement of the axial body part to the left.
- Right rotation
- Partially turning or pivoting the axial body part in an arc around a central axis to the right.
- Left rotation
- Partially turning or pivoting the axial body part in an arc around a central axis to the left.
- Medial rotation
- Partially turning or pivoting a body part of the appendicular body in an arc around a central axis toward the midline of the body.
- Lateral rotation
- Partially turning or pivoting a body part of the appendicular body in an arc around a central axis away from the midline of the body.
- Circumduction
- A sequence of movements that turn or pivot the body part through an entire arc, making a complete circle.
- Protraction
- Pushing of the body part forward in a horizontal plane.
- Retraction
- Pulling of the body part back in a horizontal plane.
- Elevation
- Moving the body part upward (superiorly).
- Depression
- Moving the body part downward (inferiorly).
- Supination
- Movement of the forearm (at the radioulnar joint, not the elbow joint) that turns the palm anteriorly (upward).
- Pronation
- Movement of the forearm (at the radioulnar joint, not the elbow joint) that turns the palm posteriorly (downward).
- Inversion
- Movement of the sole of the foot inward, toward the midline.
- Eversion
- Movement of the sole of the foot outward, away from the midline.
- Plantar flexion
- Movement of the foot downward (also called flexion).
- Dorsiflexion
- Movement of the foot upward (also called extension).
- Anterior (ventral)
- In front of or toward the front.
- Posterior (dorsal)
- Behind, in back, or in the rear.
- Proximal
- Closer to the trunk or the point of origin (usually appendicular only).
- Distal
- Situated away from the trunk or midline of the body or the point of origin (usually appendicular only).
- Lateral
- On or to the side, outside, away from the midline.
- Ipsilateral
- The same side.
- Contralateral
- The opposite side.
- Superior
- Higher than or above (usually axial only).
- Inferior
- Lower than or below (usually axial only).
- Volar (palmar)
- The palm side of the hand.
- Plantar
- The sole side of the foot.
- Valgus
- Ends bent inward; angulation of a part of the body inward toward the midline: >< .
- Varus
- Ends vent outward; bent toward the wall: <> .
- Internal
- An inside surface or the inside part of the body.
- External
- The outside surface of the body.
- Deep
- Inside or away from the surface.
- Superficial
- Toward or on the surface.
- Dextral (dextro)
- Right.
- Sinistral (sinistro), levo
- Left.