Linguistics Final 2
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- Number of World's Languages
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The Ethnologue lists 6809
Conventional wisdom = 5000-7000 - Three Faces Of Language
- Expression, Meaning, Context
- Expression
- any bit of spoken, written, or signed language
- Meaning
- term used to refer to the senses and referents of expressions
- Context
- Refers to those aspects of a speech situation that affect the expression and enable an interpretation of the context
- Signs
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Indicators of something else
Arbitrary
Representational - Arbitrary Signs
- Sign that has nothing to do with what it represents: Language, traffic lights, flags.
- Representational Signs
- Sign that has something to with what it represents
- Grammatical Competence
- Ability to produce and assign meaning to grammatical sentences
- Communicative Competence
- Ability to produce and interpret utterances appropriate to their context of use.
- Pictogram
- Symbolic drawing that represents an object or idea independently of the word that refers to that object or idea
- Corpus Linguistics
- Term used for compiling collections of texts and using them to probe language use.
- Free Morphemes
- Can stand alone
- Bound Morphemes
- Cannot stand alone
- Derivational Morphemes
- morpheme that serves to derive a word of one class or meaning from a word of another class or meaning
- Inflectional Morphemes
- bound morpheme that creates variant forms of a word to mark its syntactic function in a sentence.
- Affixes
- Bound morpheme that attaches to a root or stem morpheme. Prefixes & Suffixes are most common types
- Agglutinating Morphology
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Words can have several prefixes and suffixes, but are characteristically distinct and readily segmented into their pairs:
announce-ment-s - Inflectional Morphology Of English
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Plural-cars
Possessive-car's
3rd Person-(she) swims
Past Tense-wanted, showed
Past Participle-wanted, shown
Present Participle-wanting, showing
Comparative-taller
Superlative-tallest - Collocations
- Word pairs or sets that habitually co-occur in texts
- Orthography
- System of spelling used to achieve a match between the sound system of a language and the alphabet representing it
- Dialect
- Language variety characteristic of a particular social group
- Register
-
language variety associated with a particular situation of use:
baby talk, legalese - Linguistic Repertoire
- Set of language varieties used in the speaking and writing practices of a speech community
- Markers of Style & Register
- Lexical, Phonological, Grammatical, Semantic
- DARE
- Dictionary of American Regional English
- Isogloss
- Geographical boundary marking the limit of the regional distribution of a particular word, pronunciation, or usage
- ANAE
- Atlas of North American English
- Dialect Vowel Shifts
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Northern Cities Shift-cod=cad
Southern Shift-cool=kewl