History- Greece
Terms
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- epic poem
- a long poem that tells a story of a hero
- Zeus
- the supreme god in greek mythology
- Marathon
- a plain in ancient Greece, northeast of athens
- Aesop
- Greek author of fables (circa 620-560 BC)
- Illiad
- Epic poem that tells the story of the Trojan War
- Thermopylae
- battle site where the 300 spartans faced the Persian army
- Peloponnesus
- Southern half of the Greek peninsula
- agora
- an open space where people come for business and public gatherings
- citizen
- person who is loyal to and protected by government
- Athens
- rival=sparta, direct democracy,women not free, assembly and council, 1/3 population slaves, boys go to school at age 6-7, boys school only, mothers educated on house chores, citizenship based on income, citizens/ foreigners/noncitizens, only men over 30 could vote
- Natural resources of Greece
- lacked preciuos metals, had stone for building, had plenty harbors
- Odyssey
- Homer's epic poem tells of the wanderings of the hero Odysseus
- Myth
- stories people tell to explain beliefs about the world
- Phoenicians
- important trading people on the coast of the Eastern Mediterranian
- Aristocracy
- upper class, nobility
- Sparta
- women free, formed into city-state, slaves=helots, military state, liked to fight, rival=athens, Gov= monarchy/oligarchy/democracy, 2kings 5 elected supervisors 30 council of elders, council proposed and made laws, boys moved into barracks at age 7, girls had physical and military education to make them strong
- tyrant
- someone who gained power illegaly
- Isthmus
- a relatively narrow strip of land (with water on both sides) connecting two larger land areas, a narrow strip of land that connects two larger areas
- direct democracy
- citizens meet to decide on laws
- Peninsula
- land surrounded by water on three sides
- Polis
- greek word for city-state
- Aristotle
- Plato's brightest student, invented method of debating that followed logic, opened school in athens called Lyceum, 3 years tutoring Alexander the great
- Alphabet
- a set of letters used to represent individual sounds in a language, brought by Phoenicians, 24 symbols
- Plato
- one of Socrates' best students,wrote book about ideal government called "The Republic", believed in philosopher-king, started school called academy
- city-state
- a city with political and economic control over the surrounding countryside
- helot
- people conquered by the Spartans and forced to become slaves
- Oligarchy
- a group of people hwo rule because of wealth or land ownership
- Olympics
- greek festival held in honor of Zeus, every 4 years, features athletic and poetical competitions
- Persian Wars
- conquered Anatolia, Greek revoted and failed, Persia punished Athens for interfering, arrived on plain of Marathon, Athenians sent runner to ask Sparta for help, sparta came to late, Athenians were greatly outnumbered but surrounded persians and greek spears were stronger than Persian arrows, 6400 persian lives, 192 Greek lives
- Mycenae
- 1st greek civilization built on pellopennesus, traders, had king, featured writing, gold jewelry, bronze weapons and potterycollapsed because of invaders(?)
- Geographical features of Greece
- 70-80% mountains, transportation over land= difficult, no large rivers, hard to unite fully,mild,rainy winters,hot dry summers,
- Mount Olympus
- Home of the gods
- Fable
- short storry that teaches a lesson
- barracks
- a group of buildings used to house soldiers
- Solon
- elected by nobles, freed slaves made by debt, outlawed salvery, created 4 classes based on wealth not birth,made laws less harsh, allowed citizens to vote
- acropolis
- "highest city", first used for military purposes and then for temples and palaces
- indirect democracy
- citizens elect reps. to decide on laws
- Democracy
- type of government where citizens make political decisions