Final Exam
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- What was the "Middle Passage
- The long and difficult journey of the African slaves to the Americas.
- What is the significance of the Bazaar in Islamic cities
- It was a market place that was the center of every Muslim city
- What was the first Protestant faith
- Lutheranism.
- What is the significance of the Greek
- The city-state (or Polis) became the central focus of Greek life by 750 Be.
- What was the importance of the Silk Road in ancient times
- It was the trade route between the Roman Empire and China that ran through India's Kushan Kingdom.
- To what did the kingdom of Axum owe its prosperity
- Its location along the Red Sea, which was good for trade with other peoples
- What was at the core of Jean-Jaques Rousseau's concept of the social contract
- Society agrees to be governed by its general will
- The concept of Islam
- There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is His prophet
- Why were the first African slaves taken to the Americas
- They were first taken to work on the sugarcane plantations.
- What is an epic poem
- A long poem telling of great deeds. The J/iad and The Odyssey are examples of great epic poems.
- Explain the significance of the Pax Romana
- A period of peace and prosperity in the Roman Empire that lasted almost a hundred years.
- Who was the most notable Christian Humanist
- Erasmus
- What are the 7 elements or characteristics of a CIVIILIZATION
- Cities, Government, Religions, Social Structures, Writing, and Art
- Who were the Arvans, and why were they important
- Indo-European nomadic peoples who created the new Indian society.
- Who was Siddhartha Gautama
- He was the founder of Buddhism
- What principles dominated economic thouf!ht in the Seventeenth Century
- Mercantilism.
- Who argued that the earth was the center of the Universe, and who refuted that belief
- Ptolemy. This ancient belief was proved wrong by astronomers of the Scientific Revolution like Copernicus.
- List the uses for the Buffalo by the Native North Americans
- It was used for food, clothing, tools and shelter for Native Americans. Virtually no part of the buffalo was wasted.
- Who were the Diviners in Ancient West Africa
- Special people in ancient West African societies who could foretell the future ..
- What did Christopher Columbus believe up to his death
- He believed that he had found a westward route to Asia.
- How were serfs different from peasants
- Serfs were legally bound to the land where they worked and lived
- What is a What is an Oligarchy
- A government ruled by a FEW people
- Which was the oldest "Mesoamerican" (know what this menas also) civilization
- The Olmecs
- What is the time-period that we call
- The time before writing was developed.
- Who founded the Jesuits
- Ignatius of Loyola
- What was the result of the Treaty of Paris in 1763
- Britain got control of N. America and Asia and fonned the British Empire, which became the largest empire in history.
- What was the importance of Vasco da Gama's discovery of a water route to India
- It was very profitable because he brought back lots of spices and treasures from Asia.
- Why was the fief the most important gift that a lord could give his vassal
- A fief, which was a piece of land, was the most important gift a vassal could receive from the lord of the manor
- What was the Carruca
- A heavy wheeled plow with an iron plowshare that was invented during the Middle Ages.
- What is meant by "laissez-faire" an economic principle held by Adam Smith?
- The state should not regulate the economy. It should "leave it alone
- Who were the Anasazi
- They were a group of Native Americans who lived in the present-day southeastern region of the U.S.
- What were Montesquieu's most lasting contributions to political ideas
- The system of checks and balances.
- Compared to other early religions, what made Judaism unique?
- It was monotheistic
- Who is often called the father of modern "rationalism
- Rene Descartes
- Be able to describe the Black Death. its causes, its course and its aftermath
- It was a huge outbreak of the Bubonic and Pneumonic Plague that killed as much as 2/3 of the population of Europe. Its greatest impact was that it had severe economic consequences for Europe and ended the manorial system.
- What was Bushido
- The strict code of honor that the Samurai lived by
- What Enlightenmentthinker's ideas are easily seen in the American Declaration of Independence
- John Locke's ideas are evident in the Declaration of Independence
- What is the largest desert on earth
- The Sahara is the largest desert on Earth.
- Why did Paleolithic people have to live a nomadic lifestyle?
- They had to follow animal migrations and
- What was the feudal contract
- A set of unwritten rules between a lord and his vassal
- What was the name of the first American constitution
- The Articles of Confederation.
- What is the significance of Martin Luther's "Ninety Five Theses
- It essentially began the Reformation.
- Who was Saladin
- He led the Muslim forces to take Jerusalem from the Christian Crusaders.
- What author is the best example of Elizabethan literature
- William Shakespeare.
- Which country was the ftrst to grant diplomatic recoenition to the new American nation
- France
- Who explored the New Eneland coastline of North America for the British
- John Cabot.
- How did Louis XIV of France maintain total control over the government of France?
- By distracting the nobles and royal princes and keeping them out of politics.
- What did John Locke believe about how people become who they are
- He believed that people are molded by their experiences
- What did Portuguese explorers call the west coast of Africa
- They called it the "Gold Coast."
- What was chivalry in medieval times
- A code of ethics that a knight was supposed to uphold.
- Who are Homo Sapiens Sapiens
- All humans belong to this group
- What was the key objective of every Samurai in Ancient Japan
- To protect the security and prosperity of their employers
- What was Ptolemy's view ofthe universe?
- The earth was the center of the universe, and was surrounded by a series of concentric spheres.
- What early civilization invented cuneiform writing
- The Sumerians
- What is a republic
- A form of government where the leader is not a monarch and certain citizens have the right to vote.
- Explain the concept of "Balance of Trade" and why it is important to a country to have a favorable one.
- It is the difference in value between the amount of exports and imports over time. A country should strive to export MORE than it imports
- What is "Wergild
- Under Germanic law, it meant "money for a man," where and accused person had to pay money to the family of the person who was injured or killed
- What type of reasonine did Francis Bacon suggest that all scientists use
- He used INDUCTIVE reasoning
- To what did Voltaire and some other "philosophes" compare the universe
- They compared it to a CLOCK.
- What is a Stateless Society
- One made of a group of independent villages and lead by local leaders of heads of clans
- Muhammad: Why was he important
- He was the founder ofIslam. He was God's prophet
- What is meant by "Divine Right of Kings." a belief held by many European rulers during the Age of Absolutism
- They were appointed by God and that they held all power over country and state.
- What was Tenochtitlan, and why was it important
- It was the Aztec capital, located in central Mexico
- What did Galileo's observations indicate
- Heavenly bodies were composed of material substances and not pure orbs of light.
- What was an "Ordeal" in medieval times
- A physical trial that an accused person had to go through under Germanic law during the Middle Ages.
- What is Shari'ah
- Rules for everyday life which forbid such things as drinking alcohol, eating pork, engaging in dishonest behavior, etc.
- Describe the Inquisition.
- A court of the Catholic Church to try people for heresy.
- Why did European rulers want to control the islands of southeast Asia
- The spice trade was very profitable and could bring a lot of wealth to the Europeans.
- What group ofEnelish Protestants were inspired by the Calvinist ideas
- The Puritans
- Who were the "Burghers
- Merchants and artisans living in walled cities (called "burgs") during the Medieval era were eventually called "Burghers."
- What is vernacular literature
- Literature written in the language of everyday speech in a particular region.
- How did the Protestant Reformation affect the status of women
- It didn't change their status as subordinate to
- What is a Jihad
- A struggle in the name of God.
- How did the Dutch try to dominate the clove trade in southeast Asia
- By limiting the cultivation of cloves to one island
- Explain John Calvin's reformation of the city of Geneva
- Formation of the Consistory
- The Abbasids replaced what Islamic Dynasty
- The Umayyad Dynasty
- What was the Law of Nations
- A body of laws and one of Rome's chief gifts to later generations.
- What is Absolutism
- A system of government in which the ruler holds complete power
- According to the Mercantilists, upon what factor did the prosperity of a nation depend
- A large supply of BULlON or gold and silver.
- What did the Magna Carta accomplish
- It was eventually used to strengthen the idea that a monarch's power was limited
- Who was the supreme god of the Mavans
- Itzamna
- Why did the Aztecs practice human sacrifice
- They wanted to please the god and thus postpone the destruction of the earth.
- Describe the Hellenistic Era and its importance
- It resulted from Alexander the Great's conquest of Greece and later expansion of the Greek language and Greek ideas to the non-Greek world.
- What is a common nickname for the Berber camel
- Ships of the desert (a caraven would be a
- What did the "Treaty of Tordesillas" (1494) establish
- It established a line of demarcation dividing what lands the Portuguese and Spanish could claim
- 65. What artists are most associated with the Hieh Renaissance
- Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, etc
- Describe the importance of Genehis Khan and the Moneols
- Brought much of the Eurasian landmass under a single rule, creating the largest land empire in history
- Why was Isaac Newton's universal law of gravitation so important
- ONE LAW could explain ll movement in the universe.
- What hominid group was the first to learn to make fire
- Homo Erectus
- List the Five Pillars of lslam
- Belief in one God, Prayer 5 times a day, Performing a pilgrimage to Mecca (
- What document established a constitutional monarchv in England?
- The English Bill of Rights, signed by William and Mary.
- What was the importance of the Phoenician alphabet
- It is the basis for our alphabet today
- What is a matrilineal society
- A society where descent is traced through the mother's family rather than the father's family.
- What is a theocracy
- A government in which leaders rule by divine authority.
- What are the essential beliefs of Buddha
- Buddha said that people suffered because they were too attached to things of this world.
- Why was Leonardo da Vinci a great example of the Renaissance social ideal
- He was a sculptor, painter, inventer, architect, etc., and he could do many things, therefore being and ideal Renaissance man.
- What was the "Bodv of Civil Law" and why was it important
- Justinian's codification of Roman law during the Byzantine era.
- What was the Mandate of Heaven
- An idea that God chose the Zhou leaders and therefore they claimed that had the right to rule China
- Explain the importance of the Carolingian Renaissance
- It was a time ofa revival of learning and literature during the Middle Ages.