Final Semester 1
Terms
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- Hebrews, contribution
- Ethical Monotheism. One god, Torah
- Socrates
- Socratic Method, Father of Greek Philosophers. Questions everything
- ?Punic Wars
- Wars with Carthage (deatail??)
- Pompey -
- Fought Caeser in the Second CIvil War
- slavery in ancient world
- h
- polis
- Greek City State
- jihad -
- Struggle or Holy War
- Plato
- a
- Analects
- Teachings of Confucious passed by his students
- Muwaiyah
- a
- zakat -
- Almsgiving
- ensi
- Sumerian Preists, led religious rituals, grew corupt, then the power went to the Lugals, or landowners, which became the later king.
- Salamis Bay
- Themistacolyes. Final battle of the Persian war. Persians get trapted in teh bay and the greek triremes, small swift agile boats with a spear, puncture them. WIN of the war. Xerxes retreat
- King Minos
- First king, leader of Minoans
- Who was Egypt united by?
- Menes or Narmer
- Imam -
- religious prayer leader
- Battle of Actium
- Battle in the Octavian v. Antony Civil War. COast of Greece, Octavian Wins, (rome Half). Antony's and Cleo's navy flee. Leads to their death and Octavians victory
- Minoans
- The first greek civilizations. Named after King Menos- Built palace at Cnossos and frescoes. Linear A- never deciphered. THeseus and the Minotaur. Mycenaums- on the mainland of greece- wanax kings and tholos tombs. Liinear B, deciphered by Michalel Ventris
- Virgil -
- Wrote the Aeneid. Equivalent to Homers poems
- Harappa
- first main Indian City. Complex. Bronze tools, integrated economic system, good internal communication. Grid Like city. Citadel, uniformity, ater dranage and sewage system. TRADE=bull with seals
- ???Hellenistic/Hellenic
- Hellenic- everything greek is good and superior. Everything non Greek is barbaric. Hellenistic-
- Latifundia -
- Plantations formed after the Catrthaginans destroyed much of Roman Soil. Bought by Patricians, slave labour. Caused higher unemployment and homelessness.
- Pericles
- Architect of the Golden Age
- Middle Kingdom
- Shift from pyramid building to public work projects
- Greek geography
- a
- Pisistratus
- Tyrant. Rose to power on the discontent of the masses. Time with him was HEAVEN ON EARTH
- civilization
- f
- SPQR
- Name of Roman Republic. Consuls
- Stone Age (eras)
- Paleolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic
- salat
- Prayer
- Harun al Rashid
- Leader of the Abbasid State. Conncurent to Charlamangne. Cultural Golden Age under him
- Phiddippides
- Ancient Runner who ran from Marathon to Athens when Greeks win.
- rivers in India
- Indus and Ganges
- caliph -
- Rightly guided one, After muhammad 1. Abu Bakr 2 Umar 3 Uthman 4 Ali (cousin)
- year of Muhammad's birth -
- 570 died 632
- Imperium
- Power of the Kings, Fathers. ABsolute Control
- Golden Age
- Period of an EXPLOSION of cultural Achievement. Sculpture, Drama, Architecture- Parthenon. 4 math science, philosophy
- Indus trade partners
- India and Mesopotamia
- Persia (modern day)
- Ruler-Cyprus the Persian. known to be Empire Builders- allowed their captured to keep their own culture and local leaders. Made them pay tribute. satrapies with Satrap. Organized empire. Located Asia Minor.
- "people of the book"
- Non arab muslims who had to pay taxes. Head Tax
- Cleopatra -
- Married Antony in the civil war Antony vs. Octavian. Lets him settle in egypt. Daughter of Ptolemy Auletes
- Quraysh
- Ruling family in Mecca
- Cincinnatus
- Farmer king who was sent to fight in war, came back and was a farmer.
- Islam -
- Religion formed by Muhmmad
- Peloponnesian War
- Between Spartan and Athenians
- Moses
- Egyptian Prophet, led the Hebrews
- Vedas
- Text of the Hindi Religion
- Marius -
- Fights against Sulla in the first civil war. Marius steals credit from Sulla, Results in war, Sulla wins
- Mandate of Heaven
- The thought that the rulers in CHina had a mandate from god himself that they could rule. If you were losing your favor- Natural disaster, famine, civil war, economic failure.
- varna
- system Caste system. Brahmins- preists- head. Kshatrias-Warriors- arms. Vaishes- Artisans and merchants- legs. Shudras- slaves and peasants- feet. Dalit- untouchables, Pariah coined by Ghandi
- bronze
- Copper and Tin, made in the Neolithic Age
- tribunes
- a
- Hinduism
- Religion of the Indus Valley. Formed by the Vedic Aryans. 1 main god, Brhaman,one could join him by joining their atman with him. Samsara
- Arabic
- language of Muslims. Linguistic Unity
- Daoism
- Dao of Pooh, Founded by Lao Zi. Dao= the way of the universe. mysterious, cant be named, influx, always moving and changing. WE have to go back to simplicity and be ONE with Nature. GIVE up your earthly possessions.
- Old Kingdom
- Egypts age after the Predynastic Age. Held Khufu (Giza Pyramid) Kafre, Menclare
- hieroglyphics
- Egyptian pictographical writing. symbols
- Tutankhamen
- Egyptian King, Child of Akhenaton, HAs a regent represent him. Untouched tomb recovered by Howard Carter
- Thermopylae
- Second Battle of the Persian War. Xerxes vs. Miltiades. 300 spartans.
- Upanishads
- Texts based on the interpretation of the vedas, speculation about the universe
- Middle Kingdom
- Shift from pyramid building to public work projects, for the good of the people. Democratization of the here after= everyong could be mummified, equality
- Sharia
- Unwritten code of god set to follow by the people of Muhammad
- karma
- Universal law of cause and effect. What you do will come back to you. Ordinary or extraordinary norm. Ordinary- good deeds bring good results. Extraordinary- Live like a monk, asetic, withdraw
- equestrians
- Under Gaius Grachhus, they were rich men that supplied goods and services to the roman state. Collected Taxes......corrupt...?
- Dorian Greeks
- Bringers of the Dark Age- Period of Cultural Regression, no art contributions. Mass migration to the islands. Fierice barbaric warlike tribe.
- agora
- market place and civic center
- Appian Way
- was the most important ancient Roman road.
- Code of Hammurabi
- Code of Law displayed for the public. Eye for an Eye, Tooth for a tooth. sexist, had social class, the lower you were, the harsher the punishment
- Loess
- Alluvial silt which deposited when the Nile Flooded
- theocracy
- A relgion dominated by the essence of god. God is soverign, the wone who hold the power
- democracy
- Cleisthenes seizes power. Ended the rule of the nobility. Now equal rights in the Government. Council of 500
- Romulus
- One of the founding brothers of Rome
- corvus
- Roman Military Boarding device used in the First Punic War
- Gift of the Nile
- Egypt, very miraculous, smart, Nile gave loess, ore alluvil silt that was good for growing.
- Livy -
- was a Roman historian who wrote a monumental history of Rome
- Chinese Dynasties
- Xia (shay)---Shang----Zhou
- Ramses II
- Pharaoh of the the Hebrew Exodus, under baby moses, Prince of Egypt. Ramses son dies, gives up his very long reign. Monuments-Expanded the empire- syria, palestine, Euphrates. Peace Treaty- with Hittite King, Egypts height in his time.
- Hegira -
- Muhammads flight from Mecca to Medinad (630)
- Confucius
- CHinese philosopher, Late Zhou, Warring states period. Kong FUzi. His father died of privation, becoms a teacher and shares his wisdom. Wrote Analects. NOT an inovator ***a conservator of traditions. 5 relationships
- Laozi
- Founder of Doaism
- Abbasid cultural contributions
- Cultural Golden Age
- Islamic calendar -
- Started on the Hegira. 630
- Qin dynasty
- First to use Legalism. Leader=Qin Shih Huandi. Great wall of China. Terracotta Warriors.
- ancient civilizations in chronological order
- Mesopotamian- Sumerians, Assyrians,Babylonians, Egypt, Persians, Phoenicians, Indians, Chinese,Hebrew,
- 4 noble truths
- buddism. 1. ALl life is suffering (dukkha) or sorrow 2. suffering is caused by your desires. 4. follow the 8 fold path----right speaking, teachings, though, speech, action, livelihood, mindfulness, concentration.
- Sulla -
- Fights with Marius, Wins. Claims to be Dictator for life, sets up constitution
- Cannae
- Battle in the Punic Wars. First. BIG carthaginain Win. Hannibal does some tricky fake out and pwn3s the Romans
- covenant
- solemn promise to engage in or refrain from a specified action.
- Solon
- Athenian Archon who warns of a tyrant. said to 1. Land redistribute 2. Clear debt bondage 3 full employment
- Dome of the Rock -
- Where muhammad acended to heaven. Jerusalem. Showed dominence over Jews and CHristians
- Delian League
- Anti Persian Alliance after the Persian War. To prevent future attack. Located on Delos. Led by Athens, collected taxes. Starts getting money JUST for Athens. Starts the Peloponnession war.
- Makkah
- Islamic Holy City
- dharma
- Duty, "the right", Do your stuff assigned for your caste. YOUR WILL ENTER MOKSHA, become one with brahman.
- Sunnies and Shiites
- Shia took a very strict interpretation of the Quran, and wanted a decendant from Muhammad while the Suni took it and mixed it with other interpretations. They were trad.
- Shang dynasty
- Second Chinese dynasty. Belived in a deity above. Bronze workers. Had Antrhopomorphic, sun and moon.
- Alexander the Great
- a
- Averroes -
- Double Truth
- Assurbanipal
- Assyrian King who built a library
- Lucretia
- Set rome free. Made Romans rebel against Etruscan rul. Kills herself becuase Tarquin the Prouds SON rapes her. Becomes a martyr for ROME
- nirvana
- Escape from rebrith
- Siddhartha Gautama
- Founder of Buddhism. First a Kshatriya, Sneaks out and sees the suffering. Changed, then enlightened into BUDDHA
- Servius Tullius -
- Carried out histories first Cencus. Very properous emperor. Made the Senate. Laid the Groundwork for the Republic.
- Phoenicians
- Sea Faring People. Ceder wood in Mountains allowed for them to have good ships, good furniture, snails= purple dye, royalty. Alphabet- Phoenics, phonetic spelling. Responsible for CULTURLA DIFFUSION- spread out colonies around the mediterranean world, shared information
- Muezzin -
- Prayer Caller
- minarets
- Tall towers where prayer callers called
- Aryans oldest, continuous civilization
- a
- fall of Rome (year)
- 476
- Demosthenes
- Athenian Stateman public Speaker. Travls around Greece and gives his phillippics, speeches about phillip. THeme: set asside our differences, unite agains phillip...dosnt work. In the Battle of Chaerona
- Julius Caesar
- Emperor who fought Pompey in the 2nd civil war. Caesar crosses the rubicon and takes rome. Commentaries on the Gallic Wars makes him popular. Takes Egypt, alliance w/cleopatra.
- Homer
- Greek Poet, Wrote Iliad and the Oddessy
- Roman religion -
- a
- Octavian
- Fought Antony in civil War. Because the split, ANtony fought for control of empire. Battle of Actium.
- Osiris
- Egyptian god of the Nile, Agriculture, and Resurection, lore
- Neanderthal Man
- Begining of the Mesolithic Age, First Homo Sapien. Found in Neander Valley i Germany. Invented Special Tools
- oligarchy
- Rule of the Few, King is replaced by council of nobles. Athens=archons, Sparta=ephors
- Athenian citizen
- d
- Gracchi -
- Brothers who were activists in Roman Governmet (SPQR)
- Aristotle
- Greek Philosopher
- 5 pillars -
- Faith, Prayer, Fasting, Almsgiving, Pilgrimage to Mecca
- Hittites
- Another civilization concurrent to Egyptians
- subcontinent
- Under the Asian Continent
- Aeneid
- - Written by Virgil
- Philip II
- King of Maceodina, Strrong soldier/leader, charismatic. Takes over the kindome after Peloponesian War.
- David
- United Hebrew Tribes. David vs. Goliath. UNITED THE HEBREW KINGDOM
- ostracism
- In Democracy, can be exiled for ten years because crime or lack of participation
- Hippocrates
- Father of Medicine
- Cyrus the Persian
- Persian Leader
- Neolithic Age
- Revolution, Hunters and gatherers to SETTLED AGRICULTURAL LIFESTYLE. Sharing the knoledge. , emergence of bronze, domesticated animals, horticaltualism
- prophets
- a